The memory addresses from 0 to 640 KB are known as conventional memory. This range was primarily used in early personal computers, specifically in the context of the x86 architecture. It was the area of RAM available for use by MS-DOS and older operating systems, where most applications and programs would operate. Beyond this range, from 640 KB to 1 MB, is known as upper memory.
Conventional Memory
In a 1GB memory space, the total number of bytes is (1 \times 2^{30} = 1,073,741,824) bytes. Since memory addresses typically start at 0, the memory address of the last byte would be (1,073,741,824 - 1 = 1,073,741,823). Therefore, the memory address of the last byte of a 1GB memory is 1,073,741,823.
In the 8086 microprocessor, the Direction Flag (DF) is used for string manipulation instructions. It determines the direction in which string operations proceed: if DF is set (DF = 1), the operations are performed from high memory addresses to low (decrementing); if DF is clear (DF = 0), the operations proceed from low to high memory addresses (incrementing). This allows for flexibility in how strings are processed in memory.
To address memory locations from 0 to 2059, you need to determine how many unique addresses are required. The total number of addresses is 2059 - 0 + 1 = 2060. To find the number of bits needed for the address bus, calculate (2^n \geq 2060). Since (2^{11} = 2048) (not sufficient) and (2^{12} = 4096) (sufficient), you need a 12-bit address bus.
Computer memory usually refers to the RAM, there is key that you should know For each byte in RAM there is a separate address means if the RAM is 1 GB then its total addresses are 1*1024*1024 = 1048576 (0 - 1048575) addresses, Physically there are cells each can only contains 1 byte...... SO these CELL YOU CAN SAY IT THE PLACE HOLDER
If the architecture allows each individual byte to be adressed then there are 4,000,000 possible addresses ranging from 0 to 3,999,999. So the largest address is 3,999,999 which is 3D08FF in hexadecimal representation
True
logical address and physical addressIn a system, there are two types of addresses: logical and physical. Another name for logical address is IP address and it is set by your Internet service provider (ISP) or your router. If you have a router then you have a LAN, which sets a logical address for your computer. Your router will have an logical address set by your ISP.The physical address is also called the MAC address and it is generated by the manufacturer. (but only to a given extent)Because a MAC address is assigned (by the FCC) to a company to use for a range of products.For example:01:23:45:00:00:00 - 01:23:45:FF:FF:FFWould be their "range" of MAC addresses. They use a coding called Hex which is not to far off from what you know which is base-10 (0-9).Instead hex uses (0-F). 0123456789ABCDEFA = 10, B = 11, etc.Read more: What_is_the_difference_between_logical_address_and_physical_addresses
The original 1981 IBM PC used an Intel 8088 CPU which had an address space of 1 megabyte. The lower 640KB of the address space (a huge amount for the day) was dedicated to RAM and the rest was dedicated to ROM and graphics memory. The ROM contained BIOS for booting and simple device drivers, and a BASIC interpreter. Intel x86 CPUs from the 286 onward have had much larger address spaces, but for backward compatibility they all have hardware modes where they can pretend to be an 8086, with its 1MB limitation.
Conventional
The ISBN of The Memory of Earth is 0-312-93036-4.
The Smallest is 0...