layer 3 switches require ip address but hub do not require
Layer 1 (hubs) or Layer 2 (bridges or switches) devices.
switches
By additional hubs, switches, or devices such as printers, servers, computers, or etc.
distributed backbone
Hubs segregate packets because hubs are used as switches. Through a VLAN, hubs, when used as switches, can easily segregate incoming and outgoing traffic.
Devices that exist between host devices are commonly referred to as network intermediaries. These include routers, switches, and hubs, which facilitate communication and data transfer between hosts in a network. Routers direct data packets between networks, switches connect devices within the same network, and hubs serve as simple connection points for multiple devices. Each of these devices plays a crucial role in ensuring efficient and effective network communication.
Both switches and hubs are networking devices used to connect multiple devices in a local area network (LAN). However, a key similarity between them is that they both operate at the data link layer of the OSI model. Additionally, both devices forward data packets to their destination based on the MAC address of the devices connected to them. Despite these similarities, switches are more advanced than hubs as they can intelligently forward data packets to specific devices based on their MAC addresses, while hubs simply broadcast data to all connected devices.
Hubs and Switches
Straight through cables can be used to connect devices together via switches, hubs, routers, bridges.
Switches increase the number of collision domains in the network.
As soon as possible. Switches are much more efficient than hubs because hubs send the data to all the connect nodes, unlike switches that only forward packets to the appropriate node. Hubs cause a lot of packet collisions which reduces the efficiency of your network. __________________ I was going to say "Now, because switches are so cheap". But your answer is better.
Switches are generally considered layer 2 devices, but many are capable of operating at layers 3, 4 or higher. Most hubs are amplifying the electrical signal; therefore, they are really repeaters with several ports. Hubs and repeaters are Layer 1 (physical layer) devices.