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Bridges and switches use MAC (Media Access Control) addresses to make data forwarding decisions. When a frame is received, they examine the destination MAC address and consult their MAC address table, which maps MAC addresses to specific ports. If the address is found, the device forwards the frame to the corresponding port; if not, it typically broadcasts the frame to all ports except the one it was received on. This process helps efficiently direct data traffic within a local area network.
What else can I help you with?
What are Data Link Layer Devices?
bridges, Switches and NIC..
Switch work in which layer of osi model?
Switches / Bridges and hubs work at data link layer, but there are layer three switches which operate at network layer. Dhruv
Why are switches made?
Switches are made to connect multiple devices within a network and facilitate the exchange of data packets between these devices. They help regulate network traffic by filtering and forwarding data only to the intended recipient, improving the efficiency and speed of data transmission within the network.
Discuss the differences between hubs repeaters bridges and switches?
A repeater amplifies a signal. It will also re-send the signal as a "clean" signal. A hub is a multiport repeater. It will send a signal it receives out, through all of its ports - except the port where it received the signal. Bridges and switches are more intelligent, in that they send data only to the destination - according to the MAC address. Bridges and switches are similar, but switches have more hardware optimization, allowing for fast switching of large volumes of data.
What are the phases of spanning tree?
The phases of the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) include the Listening, Learning, and Forwarding phases. In the Listening phase, switches identify the topology and determine the best path. During the Learning phase, switches build a MAC address table to map addresses to ports, while still not forwarding frames. Finally, in the Forwarding phase, switches actively forward frames and continue to send and receive Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) to maintain the loop-free topology.
What are two functions of intermediate devices on a network (Choose two.)?
Intermediate devices on a network, such as routers and switches, serve critical functions including packet forwarding and traffic management. Routers direct data packets between different networks, ensuring they reach their appropriate destinations, while switches facilitate communication within the same network by forwarding data to specific devices based on their MAC addresses. Additionally, these devices can enhance network security and performance by managing data flow and preventing congestion.
How are layer 2 switches similar to layer 3 switches?
A layer 2 switch at it's core only forwards data within a LAN and only deals with MAC addresses. A layer 3 switch has the capability of forwarding frames and packets because it understands IP addresses.
What is the difference among different types of switching devices in networking?
Switches are data link layer devices that, like bridges, enable multiple physical LAN segments to be interconnected into a single larger network. Similar to bridges, switches forward and flood traffic based on MAC addresses. Any network device will create some latency. Switches can use different forwarding techniques-two of these are store-and-forward switching and cut-through switching. In store-and-forward switching, an entire frame must be received before it is forwarded. This means that the latency through the switch is relative to the frame size-the larger the frame size, the longer the delay through the switch. Cut-through switching allows the switch to begin forwarding the frame when enough of the frame is received to make a forwarding decision. This reduces the latency through the switch. Store-and-forward switching gives the switch the opportunity to evaluate the frame for errors before forwarding it. This capability to not forward frames containing errors is one of the advantages of switches over hubs. Cut-through switching does not offer this advantage, so the switch might forward frames containing errors. Many types of switches exist, including ATM switches, LAN switches, and various types of WAN switches. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) switches provide high-speed switching and scalable bandwidths in the workgroup, the enterprise network backbone, and the wide area. ATM switches support voice, video, and data applications, and are designed to switch fixed-size information units called cells, which are used in ATM communications. Figure 4-3 illustrates an enterprise network comprised of multiple LANs interconnected across an ATM backbone. Figure 4-3 Multi-LAN Networks Can Use an ATM-Based Backbone When Switching Cells LAN switches are used to interconnect multiple LAN segments. LAN switching provides dedicated, collision-free communication between network devices, with support for multiple simultaneous conversations. LAN switches are designed to switch data frames at high speeds. Figure 4-4 illustrates a simple network in which a LAN switch interconnects a 10-Mbps and a 100-Mbps Ethernet LAN. Figure 4-4 A LAN Switch Can Link 10-Mbps and 100-Mbps Ethernet Segments there is no figures as noted above
What places switch ports in blocking or forwarding states?
In a network using the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), ports on network switches can be in either a blocking or forwarding state. Ports in the forwarding state actively send and receive data, while those in the blocking state do not forward frames to prevent loops in the network topology. Switches dynamically switch ports between these states based on the network topology and the need to maintain a loop-free environment, particularly during changes such as link failures or topology changes. The root bridge and designated ports are typically in forwarding state, while non-designated ports may be blocked to prevent loops.
What hardware is required for packet switching?
Packet switching requires networking hardware such as routers and switches. Routers direct data packets between different networks, while switches manage data packets within a local network, forwarding them to the correct devices based on their MAC addresses. Additionally, network interfaces and cabling are necessary to connect devices and facilitate communication. Overall, this combination enables efficient data transmission and handling in packet-switched networks.
What is dynamically selected by the source host when forwarding data?
Source Port
What hardware devices to ease the flow of data through the network?
To ease the flow of data through a network, several key hardware devices can be utilized, including routers, switches, and access points. Routers direct data packets between different networks, ensuring efficient data traffic management. Switches connect devices within a local network, facilitating communication and reducing congestion by forwarding data only to the intended recipient. Access points extend wireless connectivity, allowing more devices to connect seamlessly to the network.
