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What do you mean by interrupt driven input output and programmed input and output?
PIO uses the port access instructions of the CPU to receive or send data. That is also known as polling, since you have to constantly use the CPU to monitor a particular port address. Interrupt driven would use the IRQ controller to access things. The CPU still does the work, but the interrupt calls on the CPU rather than a currently running program doing so.
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What is modes of transfer in Computer architecture?
Data transfer between the central computer and input and output devices may be handled in a variety of modes The techniques of data transfer are: Programmed I/O Interrupt driven Direct Memory Access (DMA)
What r the functions of interrupt initiated Input Output?
software
What are programmes?
these are the ports which can be used as either an input or an output port . it can be programmed or changed by the users.
What is a DMA controller?
In DMA as the name suggest the memory can be accessed directly by i/o module. Thus overcome the drawback of programmed i/o and interrupt driven i/o where the CPU is responsible for extracting data from the memory for output & storing data in memory for input. DMA provids different information. i) which operation (read/write) to be performed. ii) The address of i/o device which is to be used.
What is dma controler?
In DMA as the name suggest the memory can be accessed directly by i/o module. Thus overcome the drawback of programmed i/o and interrupt driven i/o where the CPU is responsible for extracting data from the memory for output & storing data in memory for input. DMA provids different information. i) which operation (read/write) to be performed. ii) The address of i/o device which is to be used.
What is a DMA?
In DMA as the name suggest the memory can be accessed directly by i/o module. Thus overcome the drawback of programmed i/o and interrupt driven i/o where the CPU is responsible for extracting data from the memory for output & storing data in memory for input. DMA provids different information. i) which operation (read/write) to be performed. ii) The address of i/o device which is to be used.
What are programmable ports?
these are the ports which can be used as either an input or an output port . it can be programmed or changed by the users.
Interrupt driven IO?
Whenever a data transfer to or from the managed hardware might be delayed for any reason, the driver writer should implement buffering. Data buffers help to detach data transmission and reception from the write and read system calls, and overall system performance benefits.A good buffering mechanism leads to interrupt-driven I/O, in which an input buffer is filled at interrupt time and is emptied by processes that read the device; an output buffer is filled by processes that write to the device and is emptied at interrupt time. An example of interrupt-driven output is the implementation of /dev/shortprint.For interrupt-driven data transfer to happen successfully, the hardware should be able to generate interrupts with the following semantics:For input, the device interrupts the processor when new data has arrived and is ready to be retrieved by the system processor. The actual actions to perform depend on whether the device uses I/O ports, memory mapping, or DMA.For output, the device delivers an interrupt either when it is ready to accept new data or to acknowledge a successful data transfer. Memory-mapped and DMA-capable devices usually generate interrupts to tell the system they are done with the buffer.
Diffence between the drive gear and the driven gear?
The driver gear has the input torque, and the driven gear has the output torque.
What is the difference between a driver gear and a driven gear?
The driver gear has the input torque, and the driven gear has the output torque.
What is the two data transfer modes used in hard drives?
DMA (Direct Memory Access) or PIO (Programmed Input/Output) Transfer Modes. DMA transfers data to memory without use of the CPU. PIO involves CPU and is slower.ASCII & Binary
Explain how int 21h can be used for input output in 8086 microprocessor?
The INT 21H instruction in the 8086 is a software interrupt to vector 21H. In order for it to be used for input/output, the programming that responds to INT 21H must be present. This is part of the Operating System.
