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It is impossible to answer that question. On the other hand if you assume this: - Baud rate = symbol rate - Bit rate = bits per second The following formula is valid: Baud rate = bit rate / 10 If 1024 QAM is used.
Well, isn't that just a happy little question! To calculate the baud rate for a 72000 bps 64-QAM signal, you simply divide the bit rate by the number of bits per symbol. In this case, for 64-QAM, each symbol represents 6 bits (2^6 = 64), so the baud rate would be 72000 bps divided by 6, which equals 12000 baud. Just remember, there are no mistakes, only happy little accidents in the world of calculations!
From the given constellation diagram determine whether its ASK, FSK, PSK or n-QAM. Then use the appropriate value of r to get Baud Rate = Bit Rate/r.
QAM... (16 QAM, 256 QAM) according to capacity
7 bits per baud. With a constellation of 128 points = 2^7 points, each symbol can carry 7 bits.
in qpsk we are using phases for representation of messages while in qam we hav amplitude levels. in qpsk 2 bits per symbol is used with four different phases. in qam depanding on type i.e 16 qam,64 qam,256 qam how many amplitude levels to be used accordingly i.e 16,64,256. sonender kumar
PSK and QAM modulation have two advantages over ASK: *They are not as susceptible to noise. *Each signal change can represent more than one bit PSK Disadvantage more complex signal detection / recovery process, than in ASK and FSK QAM advantage: · data rate = 2 bits per bit-interval! · higher data rate than in PSK (2 bits per bit interval), while bandwidth occupancy remains the same • 4-PSK can easily be extended to 8-PSK, i.e. n-PSK • however, higher rate PSK schemes are limited by the ability of equipment to distinguish small differences in phase uses "two-dimensional" signaling • original information stream is split into two sequences that consist of odd and even symbols · PSK modulators are often designed using the QAM principle, but are not considered as QAM since the amplitude of the modulated carrier signal is constant. QAM is used extensively as a modulation scheme for digital telecommunication systems. Arbitrarily high spectral efficiencies can be achieved with QAM by setting a suitable constellation size, limited only by the noise level and linearity of the communications channel. · Noise immunity of QAM is very high. · QAM is best suitable for high bit rates. · Low error probability. · Baud rate is half the bit rate therefore more effective utilization of the available bandwidth of the transmission channel.
-- PSK -- DPSK -- 16, 32, 64, 128, and 256 QAM
In telecommunications is:If the code rate is k/n, for every k bits of useful information, the coder generates totally n bits of data, of which n-k are redundant.See the related link for further information.For example:MODULATION CODING RATEBPSK 1/2QPSK 1/2QPSK 3/416 QAM 3/4256 QAM 3/4256 QAM 5/6In all cases we have 1 redundant bit.
600
qam