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Elaters are specialized, elongated cells found in the spore capsules of certain bryophytes, such as liverworts, that aid in the dispersal of spores by twisting and untwisting in response to humidity changes, effectively ejecting spores into the air. Pseudoelaters, on the other hand, are similar structures found in some mosses that function similarly but are derived from different cellular origins and may not exhibit the same twisting mechanism. Both adaptations enhance spore dispersal efficiency, contributing to the reproductive success of these non-vascular plants.

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