Logical level refers to the abstraction in a system that focuses on the underlying logic and relationships among components, rather than their physical implementation. It encompasses the principles and rules governing how data is processed, stored, and communicated, often represented through models or diagrams. In computing, it helps in understanding algorithms and data structures without delving into hardware specifics. Logical levels are crucial for system design, programming, and analysis.
context diagram, logical level 0 diagram and logical level 1 diagrams
logical level
Physical level: The lowest level of abstraction describes how a system actually stores data. The physical level describes complex low-level data structures in detail.Logical level: The next higher level of abstraction describes what data the database stores, and what relationships exist among those data. The logical level thus describes an entire database in terms of a small number of relatively simple structures. Although implementation of the simple structures at the logical level may involve complex physical level structures, the user of the logical level does not need to be aware of this complexity. Database administrators, who must decide what information to keep in a database, use the logical level of abstraction.View level: The highest level of abstraction describes only part of the entire database. Even though the logical level uses simpler structures, complexity remains because of the variety of information stored in a large database. Many users of a database system do not need all this information; instead, they need to access only a part of the database. The view level of abstraction exists to simplify their interaction with the system. The system may provide many views for the same database.
The ability to modify a scheme definition in one level without affecting a scheme definition in next higher level is called data independence there are two types of data independence physical data independence:- refers to the ability to modify the scheme followed at the physical level without affecting the scheme followed at logical level logical data independence:- refers to the ability to modify the conceptual scheme without affecting the schemes followed at view level logical independence is difficult to achieve
It is generally considered more difficult to achieve logical data independence compared to physical data independence. Logical data independence involves separating the conceptual structure of the data from the physical storage aspects, which can be complex depending on the database design. Physical data independence primarily deals with shielding the application from changes in the storage structure, which is usually more straightforward to achieve.
The three levels of data abstraction in a DBMS are physical, logical, and view. Physical level: Describes how data is stored in the database, including details like data storage and access paths. Logical level: Focuses on the structure of the data in the database, including schemas, tables, and relationships. View level: Represents how users view the data, providing a customized and simplified representation of the data to different user groups.
Warsaw,30.04.2008 Logical division Logical division is inverse logical operation - it is the inverse of the logical multiplication (logical AND). More on:www.logop.republika.pl J.Kaweckijkawecki@gazeta.pl
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It is the logical next step after a common market, because it requires the next higher level of cooperation among member nations.
logical means which has strong meanings.
logical organization