software is the mind that tells the mechanical parts which are the hardware on how to proceed and perform.
The benefits of following the OSI model are as follows: * Any hardware that meets the OSI standard will be able to communicate with any other hardware that also meets the standard * Any software that meets the OSI standard will be able to communicate with any other hardware or software that also meets the standard * Consumers are given a wider choice since hardware/software from any manufacturer will work together * OSI is independent of country, it doesn't matter where the hardware/software is made * OSi is not dependent on the operating system used * The Protocols for OSI are defined at each stage * Any errors that occur are handled in each layer * The different layers can operate automatically Why is it important to have standards for communicating? * To enable devices to communicate together * To allow devices to be guaranteed as reliable * To allow purchasers to know the device will work How does the OSI model assist in the introduction and maintenance of standards? * It is an agreed standard that has world wide recognition * Use of the standard ensures compatibility * Purchasers recognize what the standard means and the guarantees that come with it
Although it doesnot actually perform any functions or do any of the actual work, the OSI model defines the way things should be done by the software and hardware on a network so that communications can take place between two computers or nodes
The physical and link layers (layers 1 and 2) are implemented in hardware. The remaining five layers use these two layers to communicate across a network, and are done by software.
Gateway
Open Systems Interconnection (usually abbreviated to OSI) was an effort to standardize networking that was started in 1982 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), along with the ITU-T.It is called Open System because it was intended to be used by all vendors. At that time most network vendors had proprietary protocols that were meant to work only with their software and hardware. This caused many vendors to support multiple types of hardware and software which was complicated, expensive and wasteful.The OSI standard was meant to improve networking for everybody and was open in that it applied to everyone equally.
They are defined in the OSI layer known as Data-Link.
Application layer is a component of the OSI model of computer communication. Application software is programs that run on computers so that you can "do something" such as write a document.
The OSI (Open Systems Interconnect) 7-layer model is based, in-part, on standards published by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). For example, IEEE standard 802.3 describes Ethernet. In the OSI model, the 802.3 standard exists at layers 1 and 2. ANSWER IEEE is a standards organization to which many hardware and software suppliers both contribute to and agree to use 'standardized' techniques. Ethernet is but only ONE of the many standards, and the OSI is only one of the usage standards.
the first two layers of OSI model i.e. physical layer & data link layer are involved in hard ware installation.
The physical layer - it describes the hardware and the signaling techniques used at the physical connection between the network and the device.
There is no difference in the OSI model between a real physical machine and a virtualized one.
Using OSI reference model explain the data communication between two hosts?