The logical view presents data as they would be perceived by end users or business specialists, whereas the physical view shows how data are actually organized and structured on physical storage media.
difference between physical and logical data flow diagrams.
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1) Logical data structures are structures that emphasize on data relationships and how data is related from the view of the user. 2) Physical data structures are data models that emphasize on the use of efficiently and effectively storing data in memory.
the logical data independence is hard to achieve because all the manipulation is belonging in logical data independence but in physical data independence only show the physical view .
Logical design refers to the abstract representation of the data and the relationships among data elements, focusing on how data is organized and accessed without considering the physical storage details. In contrast, physical design involves the actual implementation of the logical design, specifying how data will be stored on hardware, including file structures, indexing methods, and data storage formats. Essentially, logical design is about "what" data is needed and "how" it relates, while physical design deals with "where" and "how" that data is physically stored and retrieved.
* Physical file (PF) contains the data and have only one record format. Logical file (LF) is a view of the physical file which does not contain any data may be based on one physical file or more then one physical file. Logical file can have more then one record format. Logical can be non join or join logical file. Performance becomes better if you use the logical file in the program.
The concept of a logical address space is simply involved the process of mapping the Logical addresses to their Physical Addresses . Logical addresses are generated by the CPU; also referred to as virtual addresses.while Physical Address is the actual address of the data stored on the physical device and mapped by MMU.
SCHEMA is the physical arrangement of the data as it appears in the DBMS. SUB-SCHEMA is the logical view of the data as it appears to the application program.
A logical database refers to the conceptual schema or model of data relationships and structures, independent of how data is stored or accessed. On the other hand, a physical database involves the actual implementation of the database on a specific hardware system, detailing how data is stored and accessed. The logical database design focuses on the organization of data, while the physical database design focuses on optimizing performance and storage efficiency.
A logical database refers to the way data is organized, modeled, and accessed by users, focusing on the structure and relationships of data. In contrast, a physical database relates to how data is actually stored on disks, including indexes, partitions, and access paths designed for efficient data retrieval and storage.
For a physical Data Flow Diagram you explore into the logical DFD. for example, if you have a data flow arrow declared as "customer information" now the physical DFD would include in that data flow arrow "customer information = customer_name + customer_address". something along these lines Physical DFD shows how various functions are performed and who does them but Logical DFD strips away all physical constraints but does not restrict physical happenings from taking place.
The schema is the physical arrangement of the data as it appears in the DBMS. The subschema is the logical view of the data as it appears to the application program.