There is no set standard, but there are usually 2. With the advent of SATA, boards are sparingly using IDE and will probably phase out all together within the next 5 years.
Drive controllers are certain cricuits that control drives like the hard disk
ATA/ATAPI-6
If by "system unit," you mean the main part of the computer, then yes. In the past, all disk controllers were plugged into the motherboard. Nowadays, the motherboards all come with disk controllers, at least for SATA (and sometimes SAS) hard drives.
Hard drive diagnostic program contains the utility to create a bootable USB flash disk. This hard drive diagnostic program can be used to report problems with hard disk drives on PXI/PXIe embedded controllers.
40 pins
S.M.A.R.T. stands for Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology. S.M.A.R.T. technology was developed by a number of major hard disk drive manufacturers to increase the reliability of hard drives. It is a technology that enables the PC to predict the future failure of hard disk drives. S.M.A.R.T. technology has become an industry standard for hard drive manufacturers.
The number of bytes a hard disk can hold is referred to as its storage capacity. This capacity is typically measured in gigabytes (GB) or terabytes (TB), where 1 TB equals approximately 1,000 GB or 1 trillion bytes. The total capacity is determined by the number of platters, the density of data stored on those platters, and the technology used in the hard disk.
No, it does not have SATA instead it has older standard ATA. They are not interchangeable.
track 0
A computer hard disk or hard drive (fixed disk) is hardware.
Hard Disk Drive.
The default is C: that is the default drive letter, the default drive number is Disk 0