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Protocols that describe methods for exchanging data frames between devices over a common medium include Ethernet and Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11). Ethernet uses a frame structure to encapsulate data and employs CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) for managing access to the network. Wi-Fi, on the other hand, utilizes CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) to handle access in wireless networks. Both protocols ensure that devices can effectively communicate and share the medium without data loss.

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