In the physical layer, two commonly used protocols are Ethernet and Wi-Fi. Ethernet is primarily used for wired connections and defines standards for physical media and signaling, while Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) is used for wireless communication, specifying how data is transmitted over radio waves. Both protocols determine how devices communicate over a network at the most fundamental level.
The two that are most commonly used are called TCP and UDP.
The data link layer, which is the second layer of the OSI model, includes protocols such as Ethernet, Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), and High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC). Ethernet is widely used for local area networks (LANs), while PPP is commonly used for direct connections between two network nodes. Additionally, protocols like Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) also operate at this layer, facilitating wireless communication. These protocols handle framing, addressing, and error detection for data transmitted over physical media.
Atm frame relay
atm and frame-relay
The protocol adaptation layer servers as a translator between two protocols. This technology is used in digital wireless data transmission systems.
ospf, bgp
Session Layer
1) to identify where the frame starts and ends 2) to distinguish data bits from control bits
Stp and vsrp
The most common two are TCP (transmission control protocol) and UDP (user datagram protocol)
False.
TCP and UDP