ip classless
the value can be pointed directly to the particular address which is specified
broadcast the packet through all interfaces except the one on which it was received
global unicast address
Generally speaking, routers will unicast-forward incoming packets which have a network broadcast address as destination, unless they are directly connected to that network/subnet and therefore know that the destination address is a broadcast address
The destination address field in a frame refers to the physical (or MAC) address of the destination node.
the address that is obtained by applying any specified indexing or indirect addressing rules to specified address
execute 'netstat' command as root user. other wise it won't list PID/program
the address that is obtained by applying any specified indexing or indirect addressing rules to specified address
Destination address
Final Destination Address
destination host logical address
The network number in an IP address is that portion of the IP address that matches the subnet mask. For instance, if the IP address is 10.11.12.13 and the subnet mask is 255.255.0.0, then the network number is 10.11.0.0. If the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0, then the network number is 10.11.12.0. The network layer (layer 2 in the OSI model) in the TCP/IP protocol stack uses the network number to determine if the destination address is directly reachable, or if the frame needs to be routed through the default gateway.