I believe you are talking about the "PING" command. Open a "command" prompt and type ping/? it will give you all the parameters.
Open
There are many types of authentications can be used in access wireless network. mainly 3 types are used: User only Authentication, Device Only Authentication, User+Device Authentication. They are self explanatory.
Configure routing protocol authentication.
Try: ifconfig, or ip addr show, or ip route show
I think one is database server authentication, the other is operating system level authentication (could be at the network level).
L2TP is a tunneling protocol for an IP network. L2 data is transmitted over the network but has no encryption or authentication abilities. This type of protocol is usually paired with IPSec to provide encryption and authentication.
authentication
authentication
authentication authorization & accounting
authentication
ps or /proc