Bridge
bridge
A network bridge connects multiple network segments at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model.
Hub
Physical layer devices would be a hub or a repeater to connect multiple Ethernet segments together.
An Ethernet bridge is a networking device that connects two or more network segments, allowing them to function as a single network. It operates at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model, using MAC addresses to forward data frames between segments. By filtering traffic and reducing collisions, Ethernet bridges can enhance network performance and efficiency. They are commonly used to extend the reach of a local area network (LAN).
A Transparent Bridge is a networking device that connects different segments of a local area network (LAN) while operating at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model. It transparently forwards data packets based on MAC addresses, allowing devices on different segments to communicate as if they are on the same network. This helps reduce network traffic and improve performance by dividing large networks into smaller, more manageable segments. Transparent bridges are often used in Ethernet networks to extend the range and efficiency of communication.
It is called Transport layer.
They are designed to interconnect local network segments.
A router
bridgeA network bridge connects multiple network segments at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model, and the term layer 2 switch is often used interchangeably with bridge. Bridges are similar to repeaters or network hubs, devices that connect network segments at the physical layer, however a bridge works by using bridging where traffic from one network is managed rather than simply rebroadcast to adjacent network segments. In Ethernet networks, the term "bridge" formally means a device that behaves according to the IEEE 802.1D standard-this is most often referred to as a network switch in marketing literature.GatewayThe DNS is not the only one required to accomplish the connection to the server. Before it actually contacts the DNS, the client computer needs to know the door to get out. That door is known as gateway. Without the gateway, the connection will not be possible. The computer may actually look for the default local host, but the local host (127.0.0.1) is not the correct path to get out. That is the reason that whenever you declare values to the net card it needs to know all this information.
The Transport layer
The IP address of course! Think about it. It's on the network layer, It is unique, and it's assigned to every device on the internet!