Bridge
bridge
A network bridge connects multiple network segments at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model.
Hub
Physical layer devices would be a hub or a repeater to connect multiple Ethernet segments together.
It is called Transport layer.
They are designed to interconnect local network segments.
A router
bridgeA network bridge connects multiple network segments at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model, and the term layer 2 switch is often used interchangeably with bridge. Bridges are similar to repeaters or network hubs, devices that connect network segments at the physical layer, however a bridge works by using bridging where traffic from one network is managed rather than simply rebroadcast to adjacent network segments. In Ethernet networks, the term "bridge" formally means a device that behaves according to the IEEE 802.1D standard-this is most often referred to as a network switch in marketing literature.GatewayThe DNS is not the only one required to accomplish the connection to the server. Before it actually contacts the DNS, the client computer needs to know the door to get out. That door is known as gateway. Without the gateway, the connection will not be possible. The computer may actually look for the default local host, but the local host (127.0.0.1) is not the correct path to get out. That is the reason that whenever you declare values to the net card it needs to know all this information.
The Transport layer
The IP address of course! Think about it. It's on the network layer, It is unique, and it's assigned to every device on the internet!
Router works in Network Layer of OSI model
The Transport layer is responsible for taking a message that is too long and breaking it into smaller segments to send out. The reverse is also true, when the information is received the Transport layer is responsible for taking a series of short segments and putting them together again. Hope this helps.