There is nothing sinister about 'daemons', they're just programs that run in the background and do useful stuff such as allowing ssh connections (sshd) or run scheduled tasks at a certain time (cron). There are many theories for why they were thus named, and the Wikipedia article on daemons does a good job of discussing them.
I've never heard of 'devil files', though, and I'm a pretty experienced Linux user. Perhaps you just misheard something? There is a distribution called Devil Linux, according to Wikipedia, but I wouldn't worry about it. There's nothing inherently satanic about Linux, despite what Microsoft would have you think, heh.
Binary files are compiled programs. Libraries are external resources that one or more programs can call upon to aid them in a task.
I assume you are talking about packages in Linux which can be packaged in many different ways. Just for clarification the packages we are talking about here are like .exe files in windows they are packages that install programs. You cannot use .exe in Linux because these files are made for Windows system. Linux distributions have something called a package manager which handles all of the packages (or programs) installed. All Debian based distros (Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Debian,) use .deb files for programs. All Red Hat based distros (Opensuse, Red Hat, Fedora) use .rpm files for programs. All linux distros have one thing in common. You do not need to use firefox to download programs you can use Software Manager/Synaptic/Software Center to install programs on your system. This works because the system uses repositories. These are websites where all of the programs come from. You should search these repositories you might find the program you are looking for. Also if you do not know what Linux distribution to try I would try Linux Mint. It is very user friendly
Formatting the drive would remove any files currently on it. If you want to access a Linux file system from Mac OS X, there are a few programs that can do this, such as Paragon ExtFS for Mac OS X or ext2fsx.
Linux cannot by default run .exe files. Those are Windows programs. With an application library called "Wine", many (but certainly not all) Windows programs can be run. Check your distro's repository to see if they have a package of Wine for you to install.
Depending on what is wrong with the installation, probably not. Many files in Linux require a certain set of permissions to be set on them, or else the users and daemons can't do their jobs correctly, and the users will be unable to fix the problem even if the system boots, because they won't have permission to do so. The reason that this is an issue is because all the software that allows Vista to read various Linux file systems (such as ext2 or ReiserFS) doesn't support Linux-style permissions and thus all files that are created or modified belong to the root account.
do your own research
You don't Shell files/programs are not compiled. If you want to run a process through 'vi' then use the ':!' 'ex' command to shell out and execute it.
Primarily, it works to organize files ina way that the user or the programs can predict with accuracy where any given file may be.
Some highly rated small Linux applications include the music application Pithos, a Twitter client called Gwibber, Simple Scan, Gnome-Terminal, and for synching files Dropbox.
Syslog is a system daemon that tracks system events and puts them in plaintext files the user can read. It also manages these files so that they don't get too numerous or too big. Usually when something odd happens in any *nix system, the responsible first stop for an administrator is /var/log, where daemons like syslog places logs.
What types of files and programs have you downloaded?*
linux files dont need extensions