Yes, you can.
The problem may not be the dishwasher. All dishwashers should be on its own 20 amp breaker and hard wired. Even portable units that use a plug should be on its own circuit line but often not. If the dishwasher is tied into other appliances or plugs, it can over load and trip the breaker. If this is the only you can run the dishwasher, shut the breaker off and see what else is turned off and avoid leaving them on while dishwasher is running. Hopefully it’s not the refrigerator!
Hard to define... A four year old child has the strength to physically "make" a typical household circuit breaker, while a teen would be able to "make" a typical industrial circuit breaker. (The latter breaker being physically much larger than the former.) Circuit breakers have their "breaking capacity" rated in AMPS. A typical household breaker is rated at 20, 30 or 50 Amps. Industrial breakers might be rated at 500 amps or a thousand or even more. Hope this helps but if it didn't answer your question, please rephrase it and ask again.
The reset button only resets the built in circuit breaker in the power strip section of the surge protector. If it quit working then you may have pressed it too hard and broken the circuit breaker's mechanism (this is hard to do but possible) and the device is now scrap. Replace it with a new surge protector.Pressing reset by accident is really very unlikely to break the circuit breaker's mechanism, but I didn't see what you did.
being a dishwasher is very hard work, especially in a busy restaurant
A 30 amp circuit breaker is needed unless the load is a motor circuit, then it has to be sized to 250 percent of the motors full load amps. For 30A circuit is needed breaker 30*1.25=37.5 --> 40A. If load is lamp or heater, then use breaker of group A or B. If load is motor, then use breaker of groupC or D (very hard start) or special safe breaker for motor - with variable amp setpoint. See related link also. By code you are only allowed 80% of the rating of a breaker. So 30x80%=24amps. 24 amps is the MAX allowed on a 30 amp breaker. You would need a 40amp breaker for a 30 amp circuit. 40x80%=32. So you would want a double pole 40amp breaker.
That is called Hard wired
Extension cords are to used for temporary extended voltage supplies only. The electrical code is very specific about this. Additional circuits are going to have to be hard wire installed and being appliance outlets they should be dedicated circuits only. This means one 15 amp breaker directly from the distribution panel to the new appliance receptacle and nothing else on the circuit. As extension cords are covered in the electrical code, an installation that uses them as a permanent supply and if it faults and creates a fire, you might be hard pressed to get any money out of your insurance company.
This is properly understood when Ohm's Law is applied: Voltage, Amperege and Resistance are correctly applied to a circuit for it's correct function. The circuit breaker acts as a protective device and trips when a correct electrical circuit does not exist. The wrong breaker may have been installed. the wrong gauge of wire may have been used, the pumps and heaters may be drawing more amps then planned for or a short circuit or loose connection are all possible faults. Contact the electrician that installed the system for resolution of the problem or an outside electrician if the problem isn't corrected. Caution: Water and Electricity should not be trusted when in close proximity.
Maybe, but it would be hard for the dishwasher to clean all of the inside surfaces and rinse them well.
As far as a fuse like in a car or even larger versions of the fuses in a car you should be able to see inside the little wire; if the fuse has burnt amd is split in two parts the fuse has been broken. In a circuit breaker it works a little differently, instead of burning out and needing to be replaced, the breaker will "trip" this means there is too much current being drawn through the circuit and the setup cannot handle it. A breaker instead will click to the off position and the switch will flip from on to off. These are much easier to locate than a burnt fuse because in a breaker box usually all the switches are turned to on and in the same direction, so the one breaker that did trip will be pointed in the opposite direction. Simply flip the switch from off to on and its been reset. If the breaker keeps tripping then there is either a short or you have too many loads (appliances) running on that circuit, for instance a power strip with 6 things plugged into it all running at the same time.
Place them in the holes in the bottom. They might seem tight at first, but just keep pushing.
One that fits under the countertop and is hard wired.