A suitable substitute for McIntosh apples in a recipe would be Cortland or Empire apples, as they have a similar texture and flavor profile.
A suitable substitute for Granny Smith apples in a recipe would be a tart apple variety such as Braeburn, Pink Lady, or Fuji. These apples will provide a similar level of tartness and flavor profile to Granny Smith apples in your recipe.
A suitable substitute for Granny Smith apples in this recipe could be Honeycrisp or Pink Lady apples, as they also have a sweet-tart flavor and firm texture that works well in baking.
Caraway seeds can be a suitable substitute for ajwain in a recipe.
A suitable substitute for curd in a recipe is plain yogurt.
A suitable substitute for gin in a cocktail recipe is vodka.
A suitable substitute for pancetta in a carbonara recipe is bacon.
Cornstarch can be a suitable substitute for potato starch in this recipe.
Cornstarch can be used as a suitable substitute for arrowroot starch in this recipe.
A suitable substitute for cardamom pods in a recipe is ground cardamom.
Fresh chives can be a suitable substitute for dry chives in a recipe.
Semolina flour is a suitable substitute for durum flour in a recipe.
A suitable substitute for instant tapioca in a recipe is cornstarch or flour.