Confectioners sugar, also known as powdered sugar, is a finely ground sugar mixed with a small amount of cornstarch to prevent clumping. It is commonly used in baking and cooking to sweeten and add a smooth texture to frostings, glazes, and desserts. It is also often dusted on top of baked goods for decoration.
Vanilla sugar is a mixture of sugar and vanilla beans or vanilla extract. It is used in baking and cooking to add a subtle vanilla flavor to dishes. It can be used in place of regular sugar in recipes to enhance the taste of desserts, such as cakes, cookies, and custards.
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Caster sugar is a finer sugar compared to cane sugar, which has larger crystals. Caster sugar dissolves more easily and is often used in baking for a smoother texture. Cane sugar is more commonly used for general cooking and baking. The choice between the two can affect the texture and sweetness of the final dish.
It depends what you are cooking or baking.
Rock sugar is a type of sugar that is formed into large crystals. It is often used in cooking and baking to sweeten dishes, such as desserts and beverages. Rock sugar can be dissolved in liquids to create syrups or added directly to recipes for a crunchy texture and subtle sweetness.
Regular granulated sugar is used most often but some recipes also call for brown sugar.
Table sugar is also known as sucrose. It is a common sweetener that is extracted from sugar cane or sugar beets and is widely used in cooking and baking.
Cornstarch is added to confectioners (powdered) sugar to prevent the sugar from lumping, so the amount is quite minimal. And adding cornstarch to granulated sugar isn't what makes it confectioners sugar. Confectioners sugar is much finer and softer than granulated sugar, it has a texture much like that of cornstarch. So you would have to be able to grind granulated sugar into a very fine powder in order to make it like confectioners sugar.
Granulated sugar is a type of sugar that has been processed into small, uniform crystals. It is commonly used in cooking and baking to sweeten recipes, add texture, and help with browning and caramelization. It is a versatile ingredient that is used in a wide variety of dishes, such as cakes, cookies, sauces, and beverages.
Invert sugar syrup is a mixture of glucose and fructose formed by breaking down sucrose. It is commonly used in cooking and baking as a sweetener and to prevent crystallization in recipes like candies, frostings, and ice creams.
The syrup from raw sugar is called molasses. It is a byproduct of the sugar refining process and is commonly used in baking and cooking.