Digestion
Proteins extract the energy from food via Enzymes.
Humans and many other animals use oxygen to extract energy from food through a process called cellular respiration. This involves breaking down glucose molecules into carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy that is used to fuel cellular processes.
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Oxidation releases heat. Food is chemically oxidized by the body to produce carbon dioxide, water and heat. There are other chemical processes occurring but this is the primary source of heat from food.
Examples of organisms that obtain energy from the food they eat include humans, lions, and cows. These organisms consume organic material to extract energy through processes like cellular respiration, allowing them to carry out their life functions and sustain metabolism.
Cellular metabolism is a highly regulated process that involves multiple steps to break down food molecules and extract the maximum amount of energy stored in them. Through complex biochemical reactions such as glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, cells are able to generate ATP, the energy currency of the cell. This energy is then used for various cellular processes to sustain life.
respiration and fermentation both extract energy from food
All animals use food energy for homeostasis to maintain a stable internal environment. This energy helps regulate body temperature, blood sugar levels, and other physiological processes essential for survival.
It has been said humans can live on any sort of food. By definition food must mean something that provides energy, if not then it is not food.
Organisms typically break down food into simpler substances that can be absorbed b their bodies/cells, and then they either store those substances or use them to extract chemical energy or build other biological compounds to aid life processes.
Producers use about 90 percent of the food energy they make during photosynthesis for their life processes.