The early explorers were hoping to reach Asia when they set out on their journeys, searching for new trade routes and resources. They believed they could reach Asia by sailing westward from Europe.
West.
That was Christopher Columbus.
Ptolemy created the map of the world that led Columbus to believe Asia could be reached by sailing west from the coast of Africa. It became the best existing map of the world.
They were Viking berserkers. Their goals were to gain as much treasure and gold as they could.
Africa would be the main answer, but there are parts of Europe where you could sail south and reach Asia, like sailing across the Black Sea to Turkey.
Christopher Columbus was convinced that he could reach Asia by sailing west.
Early explorers used ships as their exploration vehicles. Both polar ocean waters are filled with icebergs and sailing in them is not only dangerous but extremely cold. Until the technology -- reinforced hulls, for example -- supported expeditions into these extreme situations, Antarctica could not reached.
Sailors in the past utilized trade winds, which are consistent easterly winds found in the tropics, to facilitate long-distance ocean travel. By sailing with the trade winds, they could navigate more efficiently across vast oceans, particularly during voyages between Europe and the Americas or within the Caribbean. These winds allowed for faster passage and reduced the need for manual labor in sailing, enabling explorers and traders to reach their destinations with greater ease and reliability.
Columbus was trying to reach Asia by sailing west in order to establish a direct trade route for valuable goods such as spices and silks. He believed he could reach Asia by sailing westward instead of the traditional eastward route, which was blocked by the Ottoman Empire.
Both are facing the unknown. We did not know what could happen in space. Sailors in the 1400s did not know what would happen sailing west.
It was harder because they didn't have the technology we have today. they didn't have the supplies we have and they also didn't have a good built boat. They also thought the world was flat and they could fall off if they reached the end.