What does sovkhozy and kolkhozy mean?

Answer 1

Sovkhozy and kolkhozy were types of collective farms established in the Soviet Union. A "sovkhoz" was a state-owned farm where workers were employed by the government, while a "kolkhoz" was a collective farm operated by a cooperative of farmers who shared in the profits and decision-making. Both systems aimed to increase agricultural productivity and eliminate private land ownership, reflecting the communist principles of collective labor and state control over resources.