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How do glucose molecules cross a plasma membrane on the apical side of epithelial cells?
Glucose molecules cross the plasma membrane on the apical side of epithelial cells through facilitated diffusion using glucose transporters such as GLUT1 and GLUT2. These transporter proteins help the glucose molecules move down their concentration gradient into the cell.
What does the body cells and blood plasma exchange?
molecules
Hormones attach to plasma membrane proteins called?
Hormones attach to plasma membrane proteins called receptors. These receptors can trigger signaling pathways within the cell when activated by the hormone binding.
These are primary molecules making up plasma membranes in cells?
Phospholipids are the primary molecules that make up plasma membranes in cells. Other important molecules include cholesterol, glycolipids, and proteins. These components help maintain the structure and function of the plasma membrane.
Steroid hormones cannot pass through the plasma membranes of their target cells?
False. Steroid hormones are lipophilic molecules that can pass through the plasma membrane of target cells. Once inside the cell, they bind to specific receptors located in the cytoplasm or nucleus, leading to changes in gene expression and cellular responses.
What is hemo-concentration?
Hemoconcentration occurs when there is an increase in the concentration of blood cells as the result of the loss of plasma from the bloodstream. A decrease in volume of plasma and an increase in red blood circulating.
Which substances are found on cell surfaces and respond to nerve and hormone signals?
Receptors, such as neurotransmitter receptors and hormone receptors, are found on cell surfaces. These receptors bind to specific signaling molecules like neurotransmitters and hormones, allowing cells to respond to these signals and initiate a biological response.
What form the majority of the plasma membrane of cells?
The majority of the plasma membrane of cells is composed of a phospholipid bilayer. This bilayer consists of two layers of phospholipid molecules, with the hydrophobic tails facing inward and the hydrophilic heads facing outward. Additionally, membrane proteins such as receptors, channels, and transporters are embedded within this lipid bilayer.
What are small channels that form across the plasma membranes of adjacent cells?
Gap junctions are small channels that form across the plasma membranes of adjacent cells, allowing for direct communication and exchange of ions, small molecules, and signaling molecules between the cells.
Is water found in the cell membrane?
The same way that air influences the shape of a balloon. When the cell is in the proper environment water enters the cell and it is the proper shape. When the solute concentration outside the cell is too high the water leaves the cell and it shrivels.
Would osmosis have a higher concentration of water molecules distilled water or red blood cells?
Distilled water would have a higher concentration of water molecules compared to red blood cells. Red blood cells have solutes dissolved in them, so they have a lower concentration of water molecules relative to distilled water. This concentration gradient would result in osmosis moving water into the red blood cells to equalize the concentrations.
Where in cells are insulin receptors located?
Insulin receptors are located on the surface of cell membranes. They are predominantly found on muscle, fat, and liver cells, where they play a crucial role in regulating glucose uptake and metabolism in response to insulin signaling.
