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Phospholipids primarily form the structural foundation of cell membranes, creating a bilayer that serves as a barrier and allows for selective permeability. Proteins embedded in or associated with this lipid bilayer perform various functions, including transport, signaling, and acting as enzymes. Carbohydrates, often attached to proteins (glycoproteins) or lipids (glycolipids), play key roles in cell recognition, communication, and adhesion. Together, these components contribute to the overall functionality and integrity of cellular membranes.

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