Carbohydrates are made up of glucose subunits . In complex carbohydrates long polymer chains of glucose subunits form the higher structure, they can be "nibbled" from either end by digestion enzymes. The breakdown into glucose is needed for metabolism.
Sugar units are called saccharides in chemistry. Starch and cellulose are polysaccharides made from glucose. The difference in starch and cellulose is the manner in which the glucose units are bonded. Humans do not have the enzymes to digest cellulose.
Simple sugars consits of small clusters of glucose, fructose and glactose subunits, amongst others that are all structually similar. Lactose found in milk is a carbohydrate sugar made from a glucose and galactose subunit.
The subunits making up nucleic acids are nucleotides
Amino acids are the subunits that make up proteins.
The subunits that make up polysaccharides are sugars, or monosaccharides. An example of a monosaccharide is glucose, which we need for energy.
nucleotides
monosaccharide
fatty acids and steroids
The three subunits that make up a nucleotide are:a phosphate groupa 5-carbon sugar(deoxyribose)a nitrogen baseNucleotides are organic molecules that serve as the monomers, or subunits, of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA.
The subunits that make up DNA are called nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine).
The smaller subunits that make up a molecule are called atoms. Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter and can combine in various ways to form molecules. In larger biological molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, these subunits can be further categorized; for example, amino acids make up proteins, while nucleotides make up nucleic acids like DNA and RNA.
Starch is composed of two main subunits: amylose and amylopectin. Amylose is a linear chain of glucose molecules bonded by alpha-1,4 glycosidic linkages, while amylopectin is a branched chain with additional alpha-1,6 glycosidic linkages. These subunits of glucose polymers make starch a complex carbohydrate.
iron and protein
Carbohydrates are composed exclusively from Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.