You don't say it in English or French, any "to" time is limited to a short number of minutes, not 50, which would be "it is 10 past 1AM" in English, or "il est une heure dix (du matin)" in French.
There is no AM/PM in French since we usually use the 24-hour notation, so "une heure" means "1AM" and "treize heure" (13 hours) means "1PM". But "du matin" (in the morning) or "de l'après-midi" (in the afternoon) or "du soir" (in the evening) may be added in case the simpler 12-hour notation is used, if it may not be clear to the person what part of the day (or week) it is...
Cinquante minutes.
"Thirty to fifty" is "trente à cinquante" in French.
cinquante
In French, you would say "cinq heures cinquante du soir" to express 5:50 PM.
Cinquante euros
il a cinquante ans.
You can say "dans les années 50" in French to refer to the 1950s decade.
cinquante pour cent
trente à cinquante
'cinquante à cent'
I have absolutly no idea! Go ask some french guy....
In French, you would say "dix heures cinquante" for 10:50 AM. If you want to specify that it's in the morning, you can say "dix heures cinquante du matin."