There's a lot of debate over the answer to this question. While some say that there is a connection to the ancient Egyptian Book of Thoth, there isn't any proof of these claims. The earliest known Tarot decks date back to late 15th century Italy. The "modern" Tarot deck is 17th century French, and it's English language cousin is early 20th century. The English language version saw a few notable changes in the major arcana like the removal of "The Pope" card (replaced by the Hierophant). The Rider-Waite deck is the most common of the English language tarot cards and was drawn by Pamela Coleman Smith in 1909 (published in 1910). If you look hard enough you can find original 1910 versions on eBay. There's an excellent (free) online tarot reading available at ifate.com which is also worth seeing.
http:/www.ifate.com/tarot_index.html
Card 5 shows the Hierophant in a tarot deck Card 5 shows the Hierophant in a tarot deck
Card seventeen in a tarot deck is The Star.
Card eighteen in a tarot deck is the star.
The Tarot deck.
Card 2 is The High Priestess in a tarot deck
Card 3 shows the Empress in a tarot deck
Card 4 shows the Emperor in a tarot deck
Card 6 shows the Lovers in a tarot deck
Card 8 shows Strength in a tarot deck.
Card 10 is The Wheel Of Fortune in a tarot deck.
Card 11 shows Justice in a tarot deck.
The Hanged Man is on card 12 in a tarot deck.