0
What else can I help you with?
When a muscle cell responds to a stimulus calcium is released from the?
When a muscle cell responds to a stimulus, calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This calcium binds to troponin, triggering a conformational change that allows myosin to bind to actin and initiate muscle contraction.
Three types of pathways often induced by calcium ions?
Calcium ions can activate the phosphoinositide pathway, leading to the production of second messengers like IP3 and DAG. They also play a role in activating the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase pathway, which regulates numerous cellular processes. Additionally, calcium ions are involved in activating the calcineurin-NFAT pathway, which regulates gene expression in response to calcium signaling.
What is the role of calcium chloride in transformation?
Calcium chloride is used in transformation to destabilize the cell membrane, making it more permeable to foreign DNA. This helps in improving the uptake of the DNA by the cells, leading to successful transformation.
Why do plants need calcium?
Plants need calcium for cell wall structure and stability, as well as for signaling processes within the plant. It is also important for enzyme function and nutrient uptake. Calcium deficiency can lead to issues such as poor root development and stunted growth in plants.
What happens to the outer shell of a calcium atom when it reacts with an oxygen atom?
When a calcium atom reacts with an oxygen atom, the calcium atom loses two electrons from its outer shell and the oxygen atom gains those electrons. This forms a calcium ion with a 2+ charge and an oxygen ion with a 2- charge. These ions then bond together to form calcium oxide.
What cell containce the watery substance in the cell?
The organelle within the cell that often holds water is the vacuole. The cytoplasm is mostly water as well. The reference to cell within the cell is erroneous.
Does calcium depolarize or hyperpolarize cell membranes?
Calcium depolarizes cell membranes.
When a muscle cell responds to a stimulus calcium is released from the?
When a muscle cell responds to a stimulus, calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This calcium binds to troponin, triggering a conformational change that allows myosin to bind to actin and initiate muscle contraction.
What is immediate source of calcium ion for muscle fiber?
The immediate source of calcium ion for muscle fiber is the sarcoplasmic reticulum, a specialized organelle within muscle cells that stores and releases calcium ions in response to nerve signals. When a muscle cell is stimulated, calcium ions are rapidly released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm, triggering muscle contraction.
What is the the role of cyclic AMP in cell proliferation?
Cyclic AMP is a secondary messenger that regulates cell proliferation by activating protein kinase A (PKA). PKA then phosphorylates target proteins involved in cell cycle progression, gene expression, and other cellular processes that drive cell proliferation. Overall, cyclic AMP signaling pathways play a crucial role in coordinating the cell's response to proliferative signals.
What are produced in response to hormonal activation of G proteins?
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and intracellular calcium are produced in response to hormonal activation of G proteins. These second messengers play key roles in transmitting signals inside the cell in response to hormone binding to cell surface receptors.
Which transport is used to move calcium in or out of the cell?
Calcium is primarily transported into or out of the cell using specialized protein channels called calcium channels. These channels allow calcium ions to move across the cell membrane, either into the cell (via calcium influx) or out of the cell (via calcium efflux). Additionally, calcium can also be transported into the cell by calcium transporters such as ATPase pumps.
The ability of a muscle to contract and relax is dependent on the flow of what?
The ability of a muscle to contract and relax is dependent on the flow of calcium ions. When a muscle is stimulated, calcium is released from storage sites within the muscle cell, allowing the muscle fibers to slide past each other and generate force. Removal of calcium from the muscle cell leads to relaxation of the muscle.
Can calcium cross the cell membrane?
Yes, calcium can cross the cell membrane through various calcium channels. These channels can allow calcium ions to move down their concentration gradient into or out of the cell, depending on the specific conditions and signaling processes occurring within the cell.
What is the normal direction of calcium transport via the calcium pump?
out of the cell, against the concentration gradient.The calcium pump moves calcium ions out of the cell - from the cytoplasm to the extracellular fluid. Because the calcium concentration is much higher outside the cell compared to the inside, this transport is against the calcium concentration gradient. Inside calcium concentrations often increase in response to hormones and nerve input. Calcium pumps are important in terminating these responses by returning calcium concentrations to resting levels.
What is excitation coupling and list the process?
Excitation coupling is the process by which an action potential in a muscle cell triggers the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, leading to muscle contraction. The steps of excitation coupling in muscle cells involve depolarization of the cell membrane, activation of voltage-gated calcium channels, release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and activation of the contractile proteins within the muscle cell.
The cyclic pathways of photosynthesis produce?
The cyclic pathways of photosynthesis produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through the process of cyclic photophosphorylation. This pathway involves the movement of electrons through the photosystem I in a cyclic manner, leading to the formation of ATP as an energy carrier for the cell.
