The general location of electrons in a covalent bond is that electrons are shared in pairs between 2 atoms. If 2 electrons pairs are shared, 4 electrons are shared in all.
They lie between the two nuclei of the bonding atoms.
The shared electrons are typically near the middle of the bond between the 2 atoms, in a covalent bond. They may be slightly closer to 1 atom or the other, due to small differences in electronegativity.
"Hydrogen bonds" are generally considered in a class by themselves, neither covalent nor ionic. They are formed by the attractions between atoms such as oxygen that often have free paired electrons in their valence shells, and the general, although fluctuating, diminution of negative charge around the exterior of hydrogen atoms that are polar covalently bonded. This attraction is stronger with hydrogen than with any other covalently bonded atom, because hydrogen is the only atom with no "shielding" inner shell electrons when covalently bonded. The strength of hydrogen bonds of this type is less than that of most covalent bonds, but still enough to produce such effects as the fact that water has a much higher boiling point than its analog, hydrogen sulfide, although in this instance the difference is due to the lower polarity of the H-S than the H-O bonds. As indicated by the quotation marks at the beginning of the first paragraph, not all bonds between hydrogen and some other atom are "hydrogen bonds" in the sense described above. Hydrogen also forms normal covalent bonds that can be polar or nonpolar.
No, bromine and oxygen would not typically form an ionic compound. Bromine and oxygen are both nonmetals, and they are more likely to bond covalently to share electrons rather than transfer electrons to form an ionic bond.
To put it simple, in general: an acid donates a proton/positive charge; this means it steals an electron/negative charge. This is how acids form bonds with other compounds Since the aluminum in aluminum chloride forms 3 bonds with the chlorides, it is obviously missing a pair of electrons (or bond). So, in a reaction, the aluminum in this compound tends to steal a pair of electrons from another compound. This "stealing of a pair of electrons" makes the fourth bond with the other compound. Now all the atoms have octets (8 valence electrons) and they're all happy :) PS: A bronsted acid donates a proton (hydrogen atom), and a Lewis acid steals a pair of electrons to make a bond
Calcium typically loses 2 electrons to form a stable ion with a 2+ charge. This is because calcium has 2 electrons in its outer shell, and it is energetically favorable for it to lose these electrons to achieve a full outer shell configuration.
H2O can act as a nucleophile (donating a lone pair of electrons in a reaction) or electrophile (accepting a lone pair of electrons in a reaction) depending on the specific chemical environment and reaction conditions. In general, it is more commonly considered a nucleophile due to its lone pairs of electrons.
In a covalent bond, electrons are shared between two atoms and are located in the overlapping region of the orbitals of the bonded atoms. This shared electron density creates a bond that holds the atoms together.
Lewis dot structures are used to represent the covalent electrons of an element. It can be used to show the sharing of covalent electrons in a covalent bond or just to show the covalent bonds in general.
The number of covalent bonds an element can form depends on the number of valence electrons it has. In general, elements can form a number of covalent bonds equal to the number of valence electrons needed to reach a full valence shell (usually 8 electrons). For example, element X can form up to 4 covalent bonds if it has 4 valence electrons.
non-metals in general
a friking rod
Electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom. The exact location of a specific electron, however, can not be known for certain. The general area where the electron might be found is in its orbital.
Ionic because it is a bond between a metal (vanadium) and a nonmetal (oxygen). They do not share electrons.
In general, covalent bonds are typically stronger and more stable than ionic bonds. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, leading to a strong bond, while ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons, which can be influenced by external conditions.
A polar covalent bond. In this type of bond, one atom has a stronger pull on the shared electrons, causing an uneven distribution of charge within the molecule. This results in partial positive and partial negative charges on the atoms involved.
Yes, look at the EN values: Cl - 3.16 P - 2.19 In general if En is close together they are Covalent and if there is a lareg difference it is ionic This is just a general rule but PCl3 does obey it
It is covalent because the bonds are polarized.
Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons in a chemical bond. In general, larger differences in electronegativity between atoms in a bond lead to more ionic character, while smaller differences lead to more covalent character. Higher electronegativity discrepancies result in the transfer of electrons and the formation of ionic bonds, while lower discrepancies favor the sharing of electrons and the formation of covalent bonds.