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How can flanges be classified based on pipe attachment?
Yogita Magdum
Flange joint is one of the methods of pipe joints. Piping and flanges are classified in different ways based on pipe attachment, Pressure-Temperature (PT) rating, facing, face finish. Below are the flanges based on the pipe attachments.
Classification of flanges based on pipe attachment
1) Slip-on Flanges:
These flanges are welded on inside as well as outside to the pipe. They are generally forged type with Hub. They can also be fabricated from plates but without Hub.
2) Socket-Weld Flanges:
These Flanges are welded only on outside of the Pipe. They are usually used in small bore piping where the piping specification is socket weld. They are not used in severe services due to stagnation of fluid at the socket. Socket welded flanges shall be specified with connection pipe thickness to ensure proper bore dimensions.
3) Screwed/Threaded Flanges:
These Flanged are screwed onto outside diameter of the Pipe. They are used at locations where welding is not allowed. They are used in temperature range of 250 Deg to -45 Deg. The threads can be NPT (Nominal Pipe Threads) or BSPT (British Standard Pipe Threads) as required in the Piping specification.
Darshita Shah
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Different Types of Flanges Used in Piping Applications?
Flanges are piping equipment that is used to connect different pipes and valves. Flanges are attached to the end of a pipe, where another pipe is to be attached. Flanges are used to create a piping system, where they are used to change direction or connect two different valves or pipes.The Flange types are classified on the basis of application and grade of metal used for the production of Flange Face. Each type of flanges has a different purpose than the other. Here are various types of flanges,Types of Flanges: -1. Threaded Flanges: - The Threaded flanges have threads under their bore. They are also known as Screwed Flanges. The Thread is used to fix the pipes, which also have threading on their end. They are the easiest to fit Flanges but are not suitable for high-temperature applications. They are also not suggested for high-pressure applications.2. Slip-on Flanges: - Slip-on Flanges are made with holes that match the outer diameter of a pipe. The pipe is passed through the hole and fillet welded from both sides. Low pressure and low-temperature applications are suitable for this kind of flange joint. Slip-on flanges are generally forged and come with a hub. Large sizes are used to connect big bore pipes with storage tanks.3. Socket-Weld Flanges: -Usually used only for Low pressure and temperature applications, Socket-Weld Flanges have a female socket. A pipe is fitted through the female socket in the Flange.4. Lap-Joint Flanges: -Lap-joint flanges are made in two components, which include a stub-end and a loose backing flange. Lap-joint Flange is used for applications that require frequent dismantling. They are designed to not wear from frequent modifications.5. Blind-Flanges: - These Flanges are used as a termination point to a piping system. Blind-Flanges have a blank surface with a bolt point to fit a pipe.6. Spectacle blind flanges: Spectacle Blinds, generally referred to as SB, are Flanges that are applied to systems that require regular separation from their installation. Spectacle blinds are made from two discs, that are attached to each other. One of the discs in SB Flanges is a ring and the other is a solid plate.7. Long weld neck flanges: Long Neck Welding Flanges are made with a circular fitting and a bulging rim around the circumference. They are similar to standard Welding Neck flanges but with a particularly long neck. They are generally not used for pipes but in processing plants.8. Orifice Flange: Orifice Flanges are used to measure the flow rate of liquids or gases in the pipeline. They are used with orifice meters and are suitable for all intensive weld neck flanges with extra machining.9. The Flat-Face flange: Flat Face Flanges frequently are used where casting is used to make mating flange or flanged fitting. Similar to a bolting circle face, they have a gasket surface in the same plane.10. Ring Type Joint: The ring Type Joint flange, generally known as RTJ, is made by putting some grooves cut on their faces. They seal when the Bolts are tightened. These bolts compress the gasket into the grooves. These Flanges are typically used for high pressure and high-temperature services.11. Raised Face: The Raised Face Flanges are high-pressure flanges that have a raised face due to gasket surfaces are raised above the bolting circle face. They are widely used in process plant applications because of their increased pressure containment capability.12. Tongue & Groove: The Touch and groove Flanges consist of two flanges, where one face consists a ring machined onto the flange and the other contains a depression matching the ring on the other. These are commonly found on pump covers and Valve Bonnets.
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Welding should only be done between similar metals. Installing welded flanges to connect two dissimilar metals would be the preferred method of connection.
