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As you know, there are equal numbers of electrons and protons in an atom, plus a number of neutrons. These atoms are created by a process called nucleosynthesis, which takes place either in stars or supernovae. Nucleosynthesis is the fusion (joining) of the primary particles. For some of these fusion reactions to take place, (and because of their probability) the energetic processes must be maintained for some time. Thus they can only take place in supernovae.

By these mechanisms, the atoms and their isotopes are built up from the simplest ones.

Most elements are more or less chemically reactive, and because of this only a handful exist in their native form.

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