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Toluene + HNO3/H2SO4 --> p-nitrotoluene (para directed nitration)
p-nitrotoluene + Zn/HCl --> p-aminotoluene (changing NO2 to NH2 by reduction)
p-aminotoluene +Br2 --> bromination ortho to NH2
Remove NH2 via diazonium salt and decomposition with 1) HONO (which is NaNO2+HCl), 2) H3PO2 for the final product.
What else can I help you with?
Why nitration of toluene is easier than benzene?
Hi ,As you know from the structures of both the compounds that toluene has a methyl group on the benzene ring which is electron releasing group and hence activate the benzene ring by pushing the elctrons on the benzene ring. On the other hand nitro group on the benzene ring is electron withdrawing group which deactivates the benzene ring by withdrawing the electrons from the benzene ring . Now in the nitration attack of the nucleophile ( NO2 +) takes place. Hence reaction will takes place on that benzene faster which have more electron density on its ring which is the case of toluene.
Why does benzene have a lower boiling point but a much higher melting point than toluene?
Benzene has a lower boiling point than toluene because it has a symmetric structure that experiences weaker van der Waals forces, making it easier for benzene molecules to separate and vaporize. The higher melting point of benzene compared to toluene is due to the presence of delocalized electron cloud in benzene, which results in stronger intermolecular interactions (π-π interactions) between benzene molecules in the solid state.
What is more volatile benzene or toluene?
Yes. The methyl group on toluene causes a shift in electron density making it polar. Benzene is non-polar and has uniform distribution of charge density and has no dipole moment. Toluene, though, would not be more polar than a phenol because the more electronegative oxygen atom (in the alcohol) pulls more electron density from the ring causing a larger dipole moment (separation of charge).
What products contain benzene?
Benzene is a natural component of fuels such as gasoline, and additional benzene is sometimes added to increase the octane rating of gasoline. Benzene was widely used as a solvent in chemical laboratories, but has mostly been replaced by toluene for this function in the years since the ability of benzene to cause cancer was demonstrated. For this reason it has also largely been removed from consumer products. Benzene continues to be used as a raw materials in the manufacture of other chemicals, such as styrene, phenol and cyclohexane. In these applications, when used efficiently, the finished product is essentially free of benzene. Benzene is also used in the manufacture of rubber, lubricants, dyes, detergents, drugs, explosives and pesticides.
Is toluene a conductor?
Toluene is not a good conductor of electricity.
Does toluene contain benzene?
toluene is the name for methyl benzene. You have a benzene ring of C6H6 . One of the hydrogens (H) is substituted for a methyl functional group Hence its structure is C6H5-CH3
Is toluene and benzene are soluble?
Yes. Toluene and benzene are each soluble in the other. Neither is soluble in water.
What is the group difference between toluene and benzene?
Benzene - a six carbon, six hydrogen [planar] ring - C6H6 - has no side-groups. Yet when any one single side-hydrogen is replaced with one Methyl (-CH3) Group, we have Toluene. Short Answer = one methyl group.
Does every solvent contain benzene or toluene?
No, not every solvent contains benzene or toluene. Solvents are a diverse group of chemicals with different properties and uses, so they can vary widely in composition. There are many solvents available that do not contain benzene or toluene.
What is relationship among benzene Toluene and Xylene?
They are all homologues that contain a benzene ring
What are some examples of things that aren't solvents?
pentane, hexane, benzene, toluene, and octane
Why nitration of toluene is easier than benzene?
Hi ,As you know from the structures of both the compounds that toluene has a methyl group on the benzene ring which is electron releasing group and hence activate the benzene ring by pushing the elctrons on the benzene ring. On the other hand nitro group on the benzene ring is electron withdrawing group which deactivates the benzene ring by withdrawing the electrons from the benzene ring . Now in the nitration attack of the nucleophile ( NO2 +) takes place. Hence reaction will takes place on that benzene faster which have more electron density on its ring which is the case of toluene.
Why does benzene have a lower boiling point but a much higher melting point than toluene?
Benzene has a lower boiling point than toluene because it has a symmetric structure that experiences weaker van der Waals forces, making it easier for benzene molecules to separate and vaporize. The higher melting point of benzene compared to toluene is due to the presence of delocalized electron cloud in benzene, which results in stronger intermolecular interactions (π-π interactions) between benzene molecules in the solid state.
To avoid carcinogenicity by the use of benzene to be chlorinated to become chlorobenzene could it be possible to convert far less toxic toluene to chlorobenzene?
Yes, toluene can be chlorinated to form chlorobenzene without the need to use benzene. This process can help avoid the carcinogenic risks associated with benzene exposure. Toluene is less toxic than benzene and can be a safer alternative for producing chlorobenzene.
Where do Benzene and Toluene come from?
Benzene and toluene are both aromatic hydrocarbons that can be derived from petroleum sources. They are commonly found in crude oil and can be separated during the refining process. Benzene and toluene are important industrial chemicals used in various applications such as the production of plastics, solvents, and fuels.
What is more volatile benzene or toluene?
Yes. The methyl group on toluene causes a shift in electron density making it polar. Benzene is non-polar and has uniform distribution of charge density and has no dipole moment. Toluene, though, would not be more polar than a phenol because the more electronegative oxygen atom (in the alcohol) pulls more electron density from the ring causing a larger dipole moment (separation of charge).
What are the key differences between benzene and toluene in terms of their chemical properties and applications?
Benzene and toluene are both aromatic hydrocarbons, but they have distinct differences in their chemical properties and applications. Benzene is a six-membered ring with alternating double bonds, while toluene has a methyl group attached to the benzene ring. Benzene is highly stable and is used as a solvent and in the production of chemicals like plastics and detergents. Toluene is less stable but has a higher boiling point, making it useful as a solvent for paints, coatings, and adhesives.
