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How does the size of the alkyl group in an alcohol affect the vigor of its reaction with sodium metal?
The larger the alkyl group, the less energeticthe reaction, because the hydroxyl groups are "diluted". byadding more alkyl groups, you decrease the concentrationof hydroxyl groups and therefore make the molecule less polar. thisdecreases the vigor of reaction with sodium metal.
What else can I help you with?
Why is sodium chloride soluble in water but not in alcohol?
when u put sodium chloride in water it ionizes to Na+ and Cl- which interact in water with OH- and H+ respectively but since alcohol which is ROH (R is for alkyl group) as a solvent is slightly more hydrophobic than water(because of presence of alkyl group) can not do so.
What happens when Alkyl halide reacts with silver nitrate?
When an alkyl halide reacts with silver nitrate, a substitution reaction takes place where the halide ion is displaced by the silver ion to form a silver halide precipitate. The alkyl group remains unchanged in the reaction.
Why do alcohols dissolve in concentrated HCl?
Alcohols can dissolve in concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) due to the formation of alkyl chlorides through an acid-catalyzed substitution reaction. The acidic conditions from HCl protonate the alcohol, making it a better leaving group for substitution by a chloride ion, leading to the formation of an alkyl chloride.
What are the functional groups of sodium lauryl sulfate?
Sodium lauryl sulfate contains a sulfate group (-OSO3Na) and a hydrocarbon chain, which is a long alkyl chain.
What would be the effect of carrying out the sodium iodide in acetone reaction with the alkyhalides using an iodide solution half as concentrated?
A reaction with alkyl halides in NaI with acetone is by the Sn2 mechanism. The rate for an Sn2 mechanism is directly proportional to the concentration of the nucleophile: rate = k[nucleophile][alkylhalide] If the iodine solution (the nucleophile) is half as concentrated, then the rate will also be halved. rate = k [nucleophile]/2 [alkyl halide]
How is alcohol converted into an alkyl halide through a specific chemical reaction?
Alcohol can be converted into an alkyl halide through a chemical reaction called nucleophilic substitution. In this reaction, the hydroxyl group (-OH) of the alcohol is replaced by a halogen atom (such as chlorine or bromine) to form the alkyl halide. This reaction typically involves the use of a halogenating agent, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) or phosphorus tribromide (PBr3), which facilitates the substitution process.
During a reaction the OH group of an alcohol is replaced by a chlorine atom. Which type of reaction occurred?
An alkyl halide is obtained.
Ethers can be formed by what reaction?
Ethers can be formed by the Williamson ether synthesis, a reaction involving the nucleophilic substitution of an alkyl halide or alkyl sulfonate with an alkoxide ion. This reaction typically takes place in the presence of a strong base, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide. Another way to form ethers is through the acid-catalyzed dehydration of alcohols, where an alcohol molecule loses a water molecule to form an ether.
What is the role of sodium in wurtz reaction?
One electron from the metal is transferred to the halogen to produce a metal halide and an alkyl radical.R-X + M → R• + M+X− The alkyl radical then accepts an electron from another metal atom to form an alkyl anion and the metal becomes cationic. This intermediate has been isolated in a several cases.R• + M → R−M+ The nucleophilic carbon of the alkyl anion then displaces the halide in an SN2 reaction, forming a new carbon-carbon covalent bond.R−M+ + R-X → R-R + M+X−
Why alkyl halides give alcohol with aqueous KOH whereas wit alcoholic KOH they give alkenes?
Alkyl halides undergo an E2 elimination reaction with alcoholic KOH to form alkenes due to the basicity of KOH in an alcohol solvent. However, with aqueous KOH, alkyl halides undergo an SN2 substitution reaction to form alcohols. The solvents play a significant role in determining the type of reaction that occurs.
How can alkyl halides be transformed into alcohols through a specific chemical reaction?
Alkyl halides can be transformed into alcohols through a chemical reaction called nucleophilic substitution. In this reaction, a nucleophile replaces the halogen atom in the alkyl halide, resulting in the formation of an alcohol. This process involves the breaking of the carbon-halogen bond and the formation of a carbon-oxygen bond.
Why tertiary alcohol reacts with metallic sodium less rapidly than primary alcohol?
Tertiary acids are less acidic than primary alcohols (which are, themselves, not usually all that acidic). This is because of increased electron density on the oxygen atom of the tertiary alcohol, and also steric hindrance for solvation of the resultant alkoxide ion. The net effect is that tertiary alcohols generally tend to "hold on" to their alcoholic hydrogen more tightly than primary alcohols.
Why alcoholic medium in reaction KCN and alkyl halide?
Alcohol is often used as a reaction medium for reactions between KCN and alkyl halides because alcohol can dissolve both compounds, allowing for efficient mixing and interaction between the reactants. Additionally, alcohols can act as nucleophiles, which can facilitate the nucleophilic substitution reaction between KCN and alkyl halides to form nitriles.
2 iodohexane with sodium methoixde?
When 2-iodohexane is treated with sodium methoxide, a nucleophilic substitution reaction occurs. The sodium methoxide acts as a nucleophile attacking the carbon atom bearing the iodine, leading to the formation of hexanol and sodium iodide as byproduct. This reaction follows an SN2 mechanism due to the primary nature of the alkyl halide.
What are the factors that influence the reactivities of alkyl halides in nucleophilic substitution reactions?
The factors that influence the reactivities of alkyl halides in nucleophilic substitution reactions include the nature of the alkyl group, the type of halogen, the solvent used, and the strength of the nucleophile. These factors can affect the rate and outcome of the reaction.
Is esterfication a substitution or addition reaction?
Esterification is a type of substitution reaction where an alcohol and carboxylic acid react to form an ester and water. This reaction involves the substitution of the hydroxyl group of the carboxylic acid with an alkoxy group from the alcohol.
Why is sodium chloride soluble in water but not in alcohol?
when u put sodium chloride in water it ionizes to Na+ and Cl- which interact in water with OH- and H+ respectively but since alcohol which is ROH (R is for alkyl group) as a solvent is slightly more hydrophobic than water(because of presence of alkyl group) can not do so.
