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How are the sugar phosphate backbones of a DNA molecule different?
The sugar phosphate backbones of DNA are the same in terms of their composition, both containing a sugar (deoxyribose) and a phosphate group. The difference lies in the orientation of the sugar molecules along the backbone, with one strand running in the 5' to 3' direction and the other in the opposite 3' to 5' direction.
Is a nucleotide a phosphate sugar nitrogen base?
In a nucleotide the 5-carbon sugar is bonded to the phosphate group, which is bonded to the nitrogenous base. In a chain of nucleotides (a strand of DNA), the nucleotides are connected by covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide, and the phosphate group of the next nucleotide.
What molecule joins with ribose and three phosphate groups to form ATP?
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) joins with a single phosphate group to form adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Does RNA contain a phosphate group like DNA?
Yes, RNA contains a phosphate group in its backbone, just like DNA. The phosphate group is important for forming the sugar-phosphate backbone that gives RNA its structure and stability.
What is the difference in chemical structure between dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde phosphate?
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate has a ketone group and two hydroxyl groups, while glyceraldehyde phosphate has an aldehyde group and one hydroxyl group. Both molecules are three-carbon compounds involved in the glycolysis pathway. Glyceraldehyde phosphate is an intermediate in glycolysis, while dihydroxyacetone phosphate can be converted to glyceraldehyde phosphate.
What does a single strand of DNA bind to in the phosphate group?
The 5 prime end of the strand.
What is the group that binds with a deoxyribose sugar to form the backbone of DNA?
Phosphate
What phosphate group binds to what next group?
typically the sugar, Deoxyribose (DNA) or Ribose (RNA)
What chemical group is at the end of the 5 prime end of DNA strand?
5' - phosphate group 3' - hydroxyl group
Why is there always a phosphate group on the 5' end of a DNA strand and not the 3' end?
The phosphate group is added to the 5' end of a DNA strand during DNA synthesis because the nucleotides are joined together from the 5' to 3' direction. This forms a bond between the 3' OH group of one nucleotide and the 5' phosphate group of another, creating a phosphodiester bond. The 3' end of the DNA strand remains with a free hydroxyl group, which is essential for further DNA synthesis.
What functional group is present at the 5' end and the 3' end of a DNA strand?
The functional group present at the 5' end of a DNA strand is a phosphate group, while the functional group at the 3' end is a hydroxyl group.
What binds the phosphate group to the next group?
In a nucleic acid, the phosphate group is bound to the next group (either another phosphate or a sugar) by a phosphodiester bond. This bond forms between the phosphate group's phosphate (-PO4) and the hydroxyl group (-OH) of the next group. The bond is formed through a dehydration reaction, where a water molecule is removed.
What types of bonds connect deoxyribose to the phosphate group?
Deoxyribose is connected to the phosphate group by phosphodiester bonds. These bonds form between the 3' hydroxyl group of the deoxyribose sugar and the phosphate group, linking adjacent nucleotides together in a DNA strand and creating the sugar-phosphate backbone essential for DNA structure.
Where is the 5' end of the DNA strand indicated?
The 5' end of a DNA strand is indicated by the phosphate group attached to the 5th carbon of the sugar molecule in the nucleotide.
What are the two chemical groups that form the backbone of a DNA strand?
The two chemical groups that form the backbone of a DNA strand are deoxyribose sugar and phosphate groups. These components link together to form a sugar-phosphate backbone, with nitrogenous bases attached to the deoxyribose sugar.
What is the kind of covalent linkage which joins adjacent nucleosides in the same strand of DNA?
Adjacent nucleosides in DNA are joined by phosphodiester bonds, which are covalent bonds between the phosphate group of one nucleoside and the sugar group of another nucleoside. These bonds create the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA strand.
What are the major components of nucleic acids?
The major components of nucleic acids are nucleotides, which consist of a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine), a sugar group (ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in DNA), and a phosphate group. These nucleotides are linked together to form a single strand of DNA or RNA.
