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The sodium atom has 1 electron in its outermost shell. When forming an ion it donates this electron giving it an overall charge of +1 (having lost a negative charge).

Chlorine atoms have 7 electrons in their outermost shells. When forming an ion these are more likely to take an electron from another atom to form a complete octet (gaining a negative charge) thus it becomes -1.

Both atoms will gain or loose 1 electron, hence why they have the same valency, however the electrovalency depends on whether this charge becomes positive or negative. Hope this helps!

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