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Bismuth 213 is a radioisotope commonly used in the fields of nuclear medicine. It has unique nuclear properties such as a short 45 minute half-life (time required for half the nucleus to decay) and high energy alpha-particle emission. It is used in radioimmunology to treat patients with leukemia ,lymphomas, as well as for micrometastatic carcinomas Bismuth-213 is carried to the tumor vessel by monoclonal antibody. It is attached to the antibody using the molecule CHXb-DTPA. One end of the CHXb-DTP molecule grabs the bismuth-213 to protect it from being dislodged by competing metal ions, while a functional group at the other end of the molecule attaches the radioisotope to the antibody. When the antibody is attached to CHXb-DTPA it is reacted with the bismuth-213 from the actinium-225/bismuth-213 generator (actinium-225 decays to form bismuth-213). The agent formed is then injected into patients. The Bismuth-213 decays to insignificant quantities of Bi-209 and to release alpha-particles which are what target the cancer cells.

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When was Joseph Bismuth born?

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