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Matric potential is the sum of: Osmotic Potential(φs) + Hydrostatic Pressure(φp). Matric potential useful because there are some situations where it is difficult to distinguish between the measurements of Osmotic Potential(φs) and Hydrostatic Pressure(φp).

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What percentage of water-holding capacity in the soil is best for monst plant growth?

Simple answer is that it depends on the soil, but 70-90% will be ok for most soils. However, don't use % WHC as it is a poorly defined parameter. I will use the example of a loam soil and a clay soil to show why. If I take a loam soil to say 70% WHC, it may have a matric potential (i.e. water stress in the soil) of -50 kPa, which is perfectly fine for plant growth. A clay soil taken to the same %WHC may have a matric potential of -1500 kPa, which is the wilting point for plants.


Do electron moves up or fall down a potential gradient?

The potential gradient gives the electric field intensity E at point in electric field which is directed from high to low potential. An electron being a negative charge particle therefore will tend to move from low potential to high potential, hence will move up the electric field


Why you take point at infinity in describing electric potential?

The point at infinity is often used in discussing electric potential as a reference point to define the zero level of potential energy. This helps in calculating the potential difference between different points in the electric field. By setting the potential at infinity to zero, it allows for a consistent and convenient way to describe electric potential.


Why electric field is negative gradient of electric potential?

The electric field is the negative gradient of the electric potential because it points in the direction of steepest decrease in potential. This relationship is based on the definition of potential energy as work done per unit charge. Negative gradient signifies the direction of decreasing potential with respect to position in space.


Is the Nernst potential of Sodium achieved during the action potential?

the Nernst potential of Sodium is +60mV. most action potentials do not reach +60mV at peak depoloarization. http://openwetware.org/images/thumb/a/a6/Action-potential.jpg/300px-Action-potential.jpg.png