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One of the major factors in the current spread of deserts in Africa is the enormous infestations of aquatic weeds in their streams and lakes. Water hyacinth, water lettuce, cattails and others clog almost every body of water in Africa. The evapotranspiration rate where they are is several times that of clear water, and they slow down the water so that it has more time to evaporate. Cattails in particular, absorb a huge amount of water making more cattail. The net result is a dessication machine. The roughly 20,000 sq km of cattails in Lake Chad are sucking Lake Chad dry,and with the Lake, the groundwater it should replenish.

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