What is the evidence that the Earth's mantle contains magma?

Answer 1

The eruption of volcanoes. If the lava flow is still underground and not exposed to air, its called Magma. Once it reaches the surface and encounters air, its called lava. Essentially, Magma and Lava are the same, there's no chemical difference other than its interaction to air.

Answer 2

The Earth's mantle is vastly more solid than molten due to large pressures exerted on the rocks from all sides. Molten material in the mantle can occur at hot spots and mid-ocean ridges where decompression of the rising rock allows melt, and at subduction zones where cold, wet crustal material may cause a partial melt of the surrounding mantle rock.

Answer 3

Micro seismicity, an increase or change in the chemical composition of volcanic gasses and potentially deformation or bulging of the Earth's surface may all be evidence of magma being fed into a volcanic reservoir.

Answer 4

The evidence that the Earth's mantle contains magma comes from volcanic eruptions where magma from the mantle rises to the surface. Additionally, seismic studies have shown the presence of partially molten rock in the upper mantle. The study of mantle-derived rocks like peridotite also provides evidence of magma generation within the mantle.

Answer 5

Magma erupts through the crust at fissures

Answer 6

The best evidence of crustal movement is provided by marine fossils found on a mountaintop.