Ah, what a lovely question. The word you're looking for is "cartography." It's the art and science of creating maps of the Earth's surface, capturing its beauty and details for all to see. Just like painting a happy little landscape, cartography helps us understand and appreciate the world around us.
A system of mapping the round earth on a flat surface is called a map projection. Map projections are used to represent the Earth's curved surface on a two-dimensional map. Different map projections have different strengths and weaknesses depending on the purpose of the map.
Another word for the earth's surface is "ground" or "terrain".
mercator
Another word for Earth's outer surface is "crust."
One way to map the Earth on a flat surface is by using a projection method. This involves transforming the three-dimensional surface of the Earth onto a two-dimensional map. Common projections include the Mercator, Robinson, and Peters projections, each with its own strengths and distortions.
GPS
It is known as cartography.
mercator
Cartography or Geodesy .
it is a robinson projection
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Mapping of Earth on a flat surface. ;)
Its called a projection map