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Three factors that affect the climate in Africa (and all climates) are:

1) Distance from the Sea

The sea heats up more slowly then land. It also loses heat more slowly then land. This means that coastal areas are neither too hot nor too cold. This is described as low temperature range, Areas that are far away from the sea tend to have a large temperature range, which is described as Continental climate.

2) Altitude

It is a well known fact that the lower ,in terms of sea level, you are the warmer weather you should experience. For instance, Mount Kilmajaro is almost at the equator, but its summit is snow-capped all year round. This is because the air surrounding mount kilmanjaro's summit is less able to keep the heat and lets the heat to escape easier

3) Latitude

Latitude is the distance from equator at the angle of equator-pole. the Poles are located at 90 degrees north and south , meaning that they are 90° over and below the earth's core. if your latitude is greater than 45°, it means that the distance between you and the equator is greater that between you and the pole. The Equator is at 0° neither north or south.

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