A thermometer is used to measure the temperature of hot water.
hygrometer
A tape measure.
a seismograph is used to measure intensity of earthquake
the most basic tool is your skin. it is the most easiest tool to use for measuring air temperature as you can feel whether it is hot, warm, cool or freezing. the thermometer is a very common and small tool for measuring air temperature too and it consists of a tube like glass but is sealed and murcury is stored inside. the maximum-minimum thermometer or the hygrometer is another instrument.
Meteorologists use rain guages to measure how much precipitation has fallen in a period of time. It is a good tool to aid in their predictions of average rainfall monthly, yearly, etc.
.
For the volume you can use a graduated container.
That depends on how hot the water is in the cup. Use the thermometer to measure it and see.
I woould use a small measuring spoon, as in the image
A measuring cup
, The best way to check temp of hot water is with your finger,if it blisters its usually a good sign the water is hot enough to cook in. Also you can buy a tool at the store that tells temp.
measuring cup
meter
metric unit
thermometer
odometer
The engine dipstick is the only tool you can use to measure how much oil is in the engine.