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When carbon(C) combines with chlorine(Cl), carbon forms single covalent bond with each chlorine atom. The valence shell configuration of uncombined C atom is 2s2 2px1 2py1 .

During combination hybridisation takes place, an electron shifts from 2s to empty 2pz . These four orbitals merge to form four hybrid orbitals. Each hybrid orbital has 1 electron which pairs up with a valence electron of Cl atom to form a covalent bond. Thus the four hybrid orbitals form four single covalent bonds with four chlorine atoms. This completes each atom's octet and gives them noble gas configuration.

When two atoms of different elements combine they always have electronegativity(EN) difference due to which the shared pair of electrons is more closer to more electronegative atom. This gives the bonds some ionic character. So no bond between two atoms of different elements can be purely covalent.

Percentage of ionic character is found by following formula:

16*|χA - χB| + 3.5*(χA- χB)2

where χA and χB are electronegativity of the two combining atoms.

For C-Cl bond percentage of ionic character is 8.87 (approx).

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