There are several such elements, iron being the most common one. Others include copper, manganese, lead, and cobalt. Nitrogen, chlorine, bromine, iodine, sulfur, and phosphorus also qualify, in their oxyanions.
There are many which include: Tin, Vanadium, Lead, Manganese, Iron, Nickel, Cooper, Niobium, Molybdenum, Osmium, Iridium, Rhenium, Gold, Titanium, Lead, Bismuth, Platinum, Mercury, Cobalt, Technetium, Palladium, and Cromium.
iron atom has electronic configuration.....4S(2)' 3d(6) when it gives 2 electrons of 4s ' it becomes Fe (+2) when another electron is removed from 3d' it becomes Fe (+3).... (half filled 'd' orbitals is stable configuration); so involement of 'd' orbitals is the reason for variable oxidation states.....
Osmium and Manganese have 10 types of oxidation states
Manganese = -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Osmium = -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
The metal that exhibits multiple oxidation states is vanadium. The adoption of multiple oxidation states is one of the characteristics of transition metals.
Every metal has more than one Oxidation state. Because every metal has a positive (n+) oxidation state and zero (0) oxidation state.
Copper, Manganese, Iron, etc.
A transition metal
Ammonium chloride doesn't have one oxidation state, there are multiple. But ammonium itslef has an oxidation state of +1 and Chlorine is -1.
Whether iron is in the ferrous or ferric state depends on the ionic charge of the iron cation, which can either exist in the +2 or +3 oxidation state. Iron is a metal and will therefore take a positive charge. Iron happens to be, more specifically, a transition metal so it can form multiple positive ions. The -ous ending means it is in the lower oxidation state (+2) and the -ic ending means it is in the higher oxidation state (+3).
For ionic compounds such as the one mentioned above, naming them is relatively easy. As we all know, an ionic compound consists of a metal ion(which is usually positive) and a negative ion. Hence, the names for metallic compounds are always in the following format: Name of metal + Name of negative ion However, do take note that for transition metals, the oxidation state has to be included. This is because transition metals have multiple oxidation states. The oxidation state of the metal is presented by: Metal (oxidation number). For example, rust is Iron (III) oxide. Cr2O3 is hence named chromium (III) oxide.
2(IIA) Because The elements in Group 2 (IIA) are metals with a +2 oxidation state. Thus one atom of a Group 2 metal can combine with 2 atoms of chlorine (oxidation state = -1)
Oxidation means the loss of electrons in metal atoms. The oxidation of a metal occurs when the metal loses one or more electrons, so that the atoms of the metal go from the neutral state and become a positively charge ion. This commonly results in the formation of a metal oxide (in the case of iron, that is known as rust).It occurs in the presence of oxygen. For example,Iron> (water +oxygen)= iron oxidemercury>(heat above 350 °C + oxygen)= Mercury oxidesodium>(water, even slight vapor in air+ oxygen) = sodium oxide.Metals can also be oxidized when they are dissolved, for instance dissolving zinc metal in a solution of acid leads to Zn2+ ions in solution and the formation of hydrogen gas.See the Related links for more information about oxidation process.
When the metal can exist in more than one oxidation state
When the metal can exist in more than one oxidation state (apex)
The oxidation state of a metal is indicated in the name of a compound if and when that metal has more than one oxidation states. The oxidation state is then indicated by a Roman numeral placed in parenthesis next to the metal (Stock System).
They are used to tell you which oxidation state the particular metal has when bonding to the non-metal. This is only done when the oxidation state can be more than one value.
Gallium (Ga) can have a valence of +3, +2 or +1.
The oxidation state of one atom increases while another decreases.
The most common oxidation state for chlorine is 1- (negative one).
When it has gained one electron, forming Hydride ions
Roman Numeral
Roman Numeral
Oxidation
Under normal conditions, +2 is cadmium's only positive oxidation state.