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Short answer. Plate tectonics.

The earths' crust is divided into several sections, commonly called tectonic plates. These move, albeit slowly. Where the press together, you get a mountain range, and also earthquakes. Where they meet you also tend to get volcanic activity, as is the case for the west coast and Japan, both part of the "ring of fire".

Additionally, Hawaii is situated over a "hot spot" in the mantle. This hot spot is the source of the heat for the volcanic activity that formed the Hawaiian chain.

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