the more solvent you use the more of the poorly soluable compound (wich you are trying to crystallise) will be lost when you cool down your solvent.
because the soluability at the lower temperature is still not 0 g/l.
in any solution the substanse with the greatest quanity is the
The copper sulfate is the solute and water is the solvent.
The boiling point of PVC plastic is approximately 140-160°C (284-320°F). At this temperature, PVC will soften and start to decompose. It is important to note that PVC should not be heated above its boiling point as it can release toxic fumes.
silver nitrate dissolves in water. so it should form a homogeneous solution
When facing the challenge of boiling rain in a survival situation, it is important to take precautions to protect yourself. Seek shelter immediately to avoid direct contact with the boiling rain. Wear protective clothing such as waterproof gear and cover exposed skin to prevent burns. Use a heat-resistant umbrella or shelter to shield yourself from the boiling rain. Avoid drinking or using the boiling rain for any purpose, as it can cause harm. Stay hydrated with safe water sources and seek medical attention if you experience any burns or injuries from the boiling rain.
Dissolve the entire compound at the boiling point of the solvent.Dissolve very little or none of the compound when the solvent is at room temperature.Have different solubilities for the compound and the impuritiesHave a boiling point below the melting point of the compound so that the compound actually dissolves, not melts, in the hot solvent.Have a relatively low boiling point.
An ideal crystallization solvent should be unreactive, inexpensive, and have low toxicity.It is also important that the solvent have relatively low boiling point as its best if the solvent readily evaporate from the solid once recovered.For most organic compounds, water is not a good recrystallization solvent.
An ideal recrystallization solvent should have high solubility for the compound at high temperatures to dissolve the impurities and low solubility at low temperatures to allow the compound to crystallize out. It should also be chemically inert towards the compound, easily evaporated to recover the purified compound, and have a boiling point lower than the melting point of the compound.
A good recrystallization solvent should have the following characteristics: high solubility for the compound being purified at high temperatures, low solubility at low temperatures to allow for crystal formation, non-reactive with the compound, and easily removable from the crystals after recrystallization.
One property that a solvent should have to be well suited for recrystallization of a particular compound is high solubility. It should also readily dissolve the organic compound at high temperature and precipitate the compound at low temperature.
A good solvent for recrystallization depends entirely on the polarity of the solid you're trying to purify. For example sodium chloride readily dissolves in water whereas naphthalene dissolves only in nonpolar solvents like hexane. To select a good solvent first consider the polarity of the compound of interest and pick a solvent that has the potential to dissolve it. Next suspend the solid in that solvent. You must pick another solvent if the solid completely dissolves in the selected solvent. Heat the mixture while stirring. If you reach the boiling point of the solvent and the compound hasn't dissolved, you must find a different solvent or add more of the solvent you are currently using. If your solid completely dissolves without too much of the chosen solvent, you have yourself a good solvent for recrystallization. To continue with the recrystallization simply allow the solvent to cool and your solid should precipitate out in the form of crystals. Put it in an ice bath to assist with the precipitation. The latter technique can lead to small crystals or powder. The best way to remedy this is to do a slow recrystallization. To do this you must use two solvents that will evaporate over a long period of time. One solvent must be very volatile and must be able to easily dissolve your compound at room temp. The other must be less volatile and your compound must be insoluble in this solvent. Note that this solvent must have the potential for dissolving the impurities in your compound. To perform the recrystallization, dissolve your compound in the "good" solvent and then add about the same amount of the "bad" solvent. Over a period of time, the "good" solvent should evaporate leaving your crystallized product in the "bad" solvent without any impurities.
1.) it should not react with the substance to be dissolved. 2.) it should be relatively safe to handle (not poisonous or flammable). 3.) it should dissolve an appreciable amount of the substance to be purified when hot and it should be crystallize most of the substance when cold. 4.) it should not dissolved the impurities readily or it may dissolve these to small extent only or it should dissolve the impurities readily but not the desired substance. 5.) it could yield well formed crystallized of the desired substance. 6.) It should be capable of easy removal form the filtered crystals and therefore its boiling point should be preferably 60 to 100 C
The process of recrystallization typically involves the dissolving of a crude solid in a recrystallization solvent by heating up the mixture. For crystallization to begin the crude solid has to dissolve completely so if it is observed that the crude solid has not completely dissolved a hot filtration step is required to separate the solids that are suspended.
During recrystallization, impurities are removed as the compound is dissolved and then slowly cooled to allow for the formation of pure crystals. As a result, the melting point of the compound should increase after recrystallization because the presence of impurities lowers the melting point of the compound.
One experimental technique to choose a suitable solvent is to perform a solubility test. This involves adding a small amount of the solute to a potential solvent and observing if it dissolves. Another technique is to consider the polarity of the solute and solvent and use a solvent with similar polarity to improve solubility.
most vitamins should be taken with a meal and a solvent...it does not mater if the solvent is water, juice or milk
When the liquid is boiling steadily and the temperature has stabilised.