Pre-Spanish Period
"This land is Ours God gave this land to us"
Before the Spaniards came to the Philippines, Filipinos lived in villages or barangays ruled by chiefs or datus. The datus comprised the nobility. Then came the maharlikas (freemen), followed by the aliping mamamahay (serfs) and aliping saguiguilid (slaves).
However, despite the existence of different classes in the social structure, practically everyone had access to the fruits of the soil. Money was unknown, and rice served as the medium of exchange.
Spanish Period
"United we stand, divided we fall"
When the Spaniards came to the Philippines, the concept of encomienda (Royal Land Grants) was introduced. This system grants that Encomienderos must defend his encomienda from external attack, maintain peace and order within, and support the missionaries. In turn, the encomiendero acquired the right to collect tribute from the indios (native).
The system, however, degenerated into abuse of power by the encomienderos The tribute soon became land rents to a few powerful landlords. And the natives who once cultivated the lands in freedom were transformed into mere share tenants.
1st Philippine Republic
"The yoke has finally broken"
When the First Philippine Republic was established in 1899, Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo declared in the Malolos Constitution his intention to confiscate large estates, especially the so-called Friar lands.
However, as the Republic was short-lived, Aguinaldo's plan was never implemented.
American Period
"Long live America"
Significant legislation enacted during the American Period:
The Torrens system, which the Americans instituted for the registration of lands, did not solve the problem completely. Either they were not aware of the law or if they did, they could not pay the survey cost and other fees required in applying for a Torrens title.
Commonwealth Period
"Government for the Filipinos"
President Manuel L. Quezon espoused the "Social Justice" program to arrest the increasing social unrest in Central Luzon.
Significant legislation enacted during Commonwealth Period:
Japanese Occupation
"The Era of Hukbalahap"
The Second World War II started in Europe in 1939 and in the Pacific in 1941.
Hukbalahap controlled whole areas of Central Luzon; landlords who supported the Japanese lost their lands to peasants while those who supported the Huks earned fixed rentals in favor of the tenants.
Unfortunately, the end of war also signaled the end of gains acquired by the peasants.
Upon the arrival of the Japanese in the Philippines in 1942, peasants and workers organizations grew strength. Many peasants took up arms and identified themselves with the anti-Japanese group, the HUKBALAHAP (Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon).
Philippine Republic
"The New Republic"
After the establishment of the Philippine Independence in 1946, the problems of land tenure remained. These became worst in certain areas. Thus the Congress of the Philippines revised the tenancy law.
President Manuel Roxas (1946-1948) enacted the following laws:
President Elpidio Quirino (1948-1953) enacted the following law:
President Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957) enacted the following laws:
President Carlos P. Garcia (1957-1961)
Continued the program of President Ramon Magsaysay. No new legislation passed.
President Diosdado Macapagal (1961-1965) enacted the following law:
The RA was hailed as one that would emancipate Filipino farmers from the bondage of tenancy.
President Ferdinand Marcos (1965-1986). Proclamation No. 1081 on September 21, 1972 ushered the Period of the New Society. Five days after the proclamation of Martial Law, the entire country was proclaimed a land reform area and simultaneously the Agrarian Reform Program was decreed.
President Marcos enacted the following laws:
President Corazon C. Aquino (1986-1992)
The Constitution ratified by the Filipino people during the administration of President Corazon C. Aquino provides under Section 21 under Article II that "The State shall promote comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform."
On June 10, 1988, former President Corazon C. Aquino signed into law Republic Act No. 6657 or otherwise known as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL). The law became effective on June 15, 1988.
Subsequently, four Presidential issuances were released in July 1987 after 48 nationwide consultations before the actual law was enacted.
President Corazon C. Aquino enacted the following laws:
President Fidel V. Ramos (1992-1998) When President Fidel V. Ramos formally took over in 1992, his administration came face to face with publics who have lost confidence in the agrarian reform program. His administration committed to the vision "Fairer, faster and more meaningful implementation of the Agrarian Reform Program.
President Fidel V. Ramos enacted the following laws:
President Joseph E. Estrada (1998-2000) "ERAP PARA SA MAHIRAP'. This was the battle cry that endeared President Joseph Estrada and made him very popular during the 1998 presidential election.
President Joseph E. Estrada initiated the enactment of the following law:
During his administration, President Estrada launched the Magkabalikat Para sa Kaunlarang Agraryo or MAGKASAKA. The DAR forged into joint ventures with private investors into agrarian sector to make FBs competitive.
However, the Estrada Administration was short lived. The masses who put him into office demanded for his ouster.
President Gloria Macapacal-Arroyo (2000-present) The agrarian reform program under the Arroyo administration is anchored on the vision "To make the countryside economically viable for the Filipino family by building partnership and promoting social equity and new economic opportunities towards lasting peace and sustainable rural development."
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Agrarian Reform Philippines not only accelerated the productivity of the agricultural sector of the country, but promoted the agro-based industries as well.
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Agrarian reform in the Philippines refers to the redistribution of land ownership and improvement of agricultural productivity. It aims to address social injustices stemming from historical land distribution patterns. The reflection of agrarian reform in the Philippines can be seen through the implementation of laws and programs focused on providing land to landless farmers and promoting sustainable agriculture.
DAR stands for Department of Agrarian Reform in the Philippines. It is a government agency responsible for implementing agrarian reform programs, specifically distributing land to landless farmers and promoting agricultural development in the country.
The Agragarian Reform Program is useful because it attempts to reform the land of the Philippines. Its goal is to approve agriculture in the Philippines.
Undain.
Agrarian Reform Philippines not only accelerated the productivity of the agricultural sector of the country, but promoted the agro-based industries as well.
John Batara has written: 'The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program' -- subject(s): Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (Philippines), Economic conditions, Evaluation, Land reform, Peasantry
The number one problem in the Philippines are corruption,poverty and crime.