Co operative companies give shares to their workers, so as you work for the company, shares are given out. Sometimes these companies will give more shares the longer you work for them. Limited liability companies issue shares either on the sotck market, where anyone can buy them, or to those inside the company themselves.
You can use Beta to measure market volatility because of beta is the elasticity of a stock change as a result of a change in the market. That is, Beta of a sotck is found by comparing the senstivity of a stock's return to the fluctuations in the market.Beta is found by dividing the product of the covwariances of the stock and market retun by the variance of the market.The bench marks of betas are as followed:a risk free investment such as a Tbill (that is guaranteed a return) will have a beta of 0.A portfolio with risk equivalent to the market has a beta of 1.Given those two bench mark, you can gauge at the volatility of the stock/investment by comparing its beta with those two extremes.
Well, many things happened during the 1920s. America had just ended the Progressive Era which was full of political changes such as the secret ballot, prohibition, direct election of senators, and direct primaries. The progressives also instituted an income tax (16th amendment) and gave women the right to vote (19th amendment). Many negative changes also occured such as the Red Scare, a post-war recession which eventually led to the Sotck Market Crah in 1929 and a rebirth of the KKK. There was also two major court cases: The Sacco and Vanzetti Trials which accused two immigrants of communism without evidence, and the Scopes Trial which covered the issue of evolution in schools.
this is a major problem in the 240sx, the sotck alarm just simply goes bad after a while. this will soon affect your ignition and your car will not start. take off the bottom part of the dash board ont he driver side under the steering wheel, with a phillip-head screwdriver, it should be 6-8 screws. locate a small black box with wires coming out of it... the box should be 3 inches by 3 inches in size, cut it out and rewire it. to make sure you are rewiring it correctly, just have a mechanic do it for you. it shouldn't cost more than $20-$40 at a reasonable mechanic. tell him exactly what you want tho, and show him otherwise he will find other stuff to charge you money on. i had the same problem with my 240, and this fixed the problem.