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Economic forces: Both marketers and customers are affected by economic forces. Pride (2006) states changes in general economic conditions affect (and are affected by) supply and demand, buying power, willingness to spend, consumer expenditure levels and the intensity of competitive behaviour. A consumer's buying power are their resources such as money, goods and services and they are important because these resources can be exchanged. Disposable income is the money left after taxes. This is important to marketers because this money is used for spending and saving. Eg. Interest rates on general economic conditions.

Political forces: Legislation from the government can affect markets through the organisations and consumers. Some marketers simply adjust to these political forces. Others try to influence political decisions by supporting politicians that can positively affect them. Eg. Industrial Relations laws affecting agreements between organisations and employees.

Legal and regulatory forces: Federal Laws and regulation agencies affect marketing activities and decisions. Laws such as the Trade Practices Act and the Privacy Act set rules, which organisations must abide by or risk suffering penalties and/or punishment. These laws can be enforced by regulatory agencies who also assist in directing rules and regulations.

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Abbie Hyatt

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14y ago

Economic forces: Both marketers and customers are affected by economic forces. Pride (2006) states changes in general economic conditions affect (and are affected by) supply and demand, buying power, willingness to spend, consumer expenditure levels and the intensity of competitive behaviour. A consumer's buying power are their resources such as money, goods and services and they are important because these resources can be exchanged. Disposable income is the money left after taxes. This is important to marketers because this money is used for spending and saving. Eg. Interest rates on general economic conditions.

Political forces: Legislation from the government can affect markets through the organisations and consumers. Some marketers simply adjust to these political forces. Others try to influence political decisions by supporting politicians that can positively affect them. Eg. Industrial Relations laws affecting agreements between organisations and employees.

Legal and regulatory forces: Federal Laws and regulation agencies affect marketing activities and decisions. Laws such as the Trade Practices Act and the Privacy Act set rules, which organisations must abide by or risk suffering penalties and/or punishment. These laws can be enforced by regulatory agencies who also assist in directing rules and regulations.

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Q: How does the external macro-environment impact on the business Rio Tinto?
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Why are so many familiar industries oligopolies?

It depends on the type of monopoly.The local power company is a monopoly. It is a monopoly because the government only allows one company of its type. Otherwise, rival companies would have to use their own poles and equipment, and it would be confusing since you would not know who to call when the lines are down. Likewise, there is only one public mail service, though there are private couriers and package services. Government offices are monopolies by their nature.Sometimes a monopoly exists because the product is something rarely used and nobody else wants to compete or provide alternatives.Sometimes monopolies occur because rivals go out of business. Others may run them out of business, or they may be subject to natural disasters and poor management.Some monopolies are deliberately designed through practices such as "lock-in" and planned obsolescence of products. For instance, lets suppose you produce an operating system. You can plan for it to have a limited life. But you create brand loyalty and introduce incompatibilities with competitors' products. So the users, if they want to keep the software they already bought, they must stick with your operating system. You could even require manufacturers to create hardware what will only work with your software. So if the user doesn't want to replace the device, they must stay with your operating system. You could even use legal barriers such as patent suits to keep competition out of your market.There are also anti-competitive practices that are used to help create monopolies. Here are some common ones:Absorption of competitors or competing technologies -That is when a large company absorbs smaller companies which may become competitors or which have a new technology that poses a threat.Dumping - That means flooding the market with low priced items. Sure, that hurts all the businesses that sell such products, even your own, but if you have more wealth than the competitors, your business can recover, while theirs likely will not. Once your competitors are gone, then you are free to charge whatever you want.Excessive government regulations - That insures that only wealthy businesses of whatever type can stay in business. Often, predominant companies in an industry are the ones lobbying for the regulations.Exclusive dealing - If the suppliers for parts will only supply to one company, then it would be difficult to make competing products.Government subsidies - A company that is not profitable can have an unfair advantage over companies that need to make a profit if someone else is paying for the company to stay in business.Intellectual properties misuse - This includes abuse of patent and copyright laws.Refusal to deal - If you want to run someone out of business, you could get multiple large companies to refuse to do business with them.Territory division - Two or more companies agree among themselves who can sell what items.Tying - That is where unrelated products must be purchased together. That is why a software giant ran into problems with bundling a web browser for their OS. That way, other companies could not profit as much from selling web browsers, since they rendered 3rd party browsers unnecessary.


Related questions

What is the birth name of Tinto Brass?

Tinto Brass's birth name is Giovanni Tinto Brass.


Where do you get tinto brass movies?

where i get tinto brass movies


When was Rio Tinto Alcan created?

Rio Tinto Alcan was created in 1902.


When was Rio Tinto Stadium created?

Rio Tinto Stadium was created in 2008.


When was Hayden Tinto born?

Hayden Tinto was born on 1985-08-31.


What is Rio Tinto Group's population?

The population of Rio Tinto Group is 2,011.


When was Rio Tinto Group created?

Rio Tinto Group was created in 1873.


What nicknames does Tinto Brass go by?

Tinto Brass goes by Il Maestro.


What is Rio Tinto Alcan's population?

The population of Rio Tinto Alcan is 68,000.


What is 'tinto' when translated from Italian to English?

Tinto in Italian means "dyed," "stained," or "tinged with" in English.


What is the symbol for Rio Tinto Plc in the NYSE?

The symbol for Rio Tinto Plc in the NYSE is: RIO.


When was Tinto Brass born?

Tinto Brass was born on March 26, 1933, in Milan, Lombardy, Italy.