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In a planned economy, many workers may have been employed in industries that produced more goods or services than were needed. In moving to a market economy, those workers may be displaced and need retraining to find new employment. In some cases, whole industries which produced inferior products or had inefficient cost structures may find that their products are not competitive in a market-based economy, causing massive dislocation of workers.

Corporate management may not be equipped to handle the transition, either. In a planned economy, operational planning is simple, because the production quotas are known in advance. Having little experience in quickly adjusting their operations to meet fluctuating demand, managers may not be prepared to make rapid and accurate changes to their operations. Sales departments may be completely inadequate to handle the competitive environment and staff with marketing skills may be non-existent.

All of those things can cause the organizations which were built under the planned economy to be non-competitive and ultimately fail. In time, they are replaced by new companies which are far more efficient and adapted to the competitive environment, but that process cannot occur without the destruction of the old, unprofitable organizations. This process of "creative destruction" can cause social and political reactions, some of which may prolong the transition and make it more difficult for everyone.

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Q: What are the negative effects of turning from a planned economy into a market economy?
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